term1 Definition1term2 Definition2term3 Definition3
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Preconventional
judgement is based on personal needs and other's rules
stage 1: punishment-obedience: rules obeyed to avoid punishment
Stage 2: personal reward orientation: you scratch my back I'll scratch yours mentality
Conventional
judgement is based on others' approval, laws of society, etc.
Stage 3: good boy-nice girl orientation: good=nice (what pleases others)
Stage 4: law and order orientation: laws are absolute respect authority even without reason
Postconventional
judgement is based on individual conscience
stage 5: social contract orientation: good=socially agreed-upon standards of individual rights
Stage 6: universal ethical principle orientation: abstract concepts of justice, equality, and human dignity
Problems with Kohlberg's studies
-only used males
-cultural bias and limitations when generalizing results
-age and education seem to play a bigger role than gender
-does moral reasoning always lead to moral action? people know what is right but sometimes act against that
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