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What are the joints of the elbow and forearm and what are their joint functional, structural types and sub-types?
1) Humeroulnar - diarthrosis, synovial/hinge joint
2) Humeroradial - same joint type
3) Radioulnar - sub-type is pivot, otherwise the same
If a muscle has OIs only on the humeral-ulnar joint what actions can it produce? What about the radioulnar joint? Humeralulnar?
Humeral-ulnar joint produces actions at the elbow. Radioulnar produces actions at the forearm. Humeralulnar produces both elbow and forearm actions.
What types of joints are the proximal, middle, and distal radioulnar joints?
Proximal radioulnar is a diarthrodial (movable) joint. The middle & distal radioulnar joint are synarthrodial/synostosis (immovable) joints.
Why are there six ligaments for the forearm but only 2 for the elbow?
Because the forearm has less bony support.
What are the two ligaments and their function for the elbow?
1) The Radial Collateral (positioned laterally - prevents excessive medial movement)
2) The Ulnar Collateral (positioned medially - prevents excessive lateral movement).
What are the two proximal ligaments and their function of the forearm?
1) Annular - holds the radius against the radial notch.
2) Quadrate - reinforces inferior aspect of joint capsule and holds radius against the radial notch.
What are the two medial ligaments and their function of the forearm?
1) Oblique Cord - prevents separation of radius & ulna
2) Interosseous Membrane - stabilizes proximal & distal radioulnar joints and prevents separation
What are the two distal ligaments and their function of the forearm?
1) Anterior & Posterior Radioulnar Ligaments - stabilize distal radioulnar joint.
What bones articulate at the Wrist Complex?
The Radius and the Carpals
Name the 8 carpal bones
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