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WHAT IS THE DEFINITION OF A GENE?
1970-80 - sequence pattern
1990-2000 - gene is annotated entry in databanks
a DNA segment that contributes to phenotype/function
WHAT IS THE CENTRAL DOGMA?
DNA --> RNA --> Protein --> Cell function
WHAT ARE SOME COMPLICATIONS TO THE APPLICATION OF THE CENTRAL DOGMA?
- alternative transcriptional events
- alternate splicing events
- pseudogenes
- retrogenes
- RNA editing
EXPLAIN DNA METHYLATION AND DEMETHYLATION
- cytosine in CpG site can be methylated = switched OFF, repressed gene expression (in particular, methylation of promoters)
- methyl groups are added by methyltransferases and removed by hydroxylases
- methylation is faithfully maintained with DNA replication
EXPLAIN THE HISTONE CODE AND HISTONE MODIFICATION
- be known is acetylation
EXPLAIN NON-CODING RNA
- regulated gene expression at two points
1) promote mRNA degradation and inhibit translation
2) alter chromatin configuration
e.g. X chromosome inactivation
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