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4 major types of fungal infections?
–Superficialand cutaneous mycoses: common; limited to skin, hair, nails
–Subcutaneousmycoses: involve skin, subcutaneous tissue, lymphatics
–Endemicmycoses: caused by dimorphic fungi; can cause serious disease in both healthy andimmunocompromisedpatients
–Opportunisticmycosis: Can cause life-threatening disease in immunosuppressedpatients
Most common etiologic agents of pulmonaryinfection by fungi in healthy hosts, causing over 1 million infections/year inthe U.S.?
Dimorphic fungi
How do dimorphic fungi grow?
•Grow as yeast in human tissue and as moldunder some laboratory conditions (typically room temperature)
How does infection by dimorphic fungi occur?
•Infection results from inhalation ofspores that have mold forms in soil.
What happens once dimorphic fungi settle in the lungs?
•Within the lungs the spores differentiateinto yeasts or spherules.
–Mostlung infections are self-limited and even asymptomatic, however..
–Allcan cause pneumonia and disseminate.
4 types of dimorphic fungi?
•Blastomyces dermatitidis•Histoplasma capsulatum•Coccidioides immitis•Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Where is Histoplasma capsulatum endemic to?
•Endemic in Mississippi and Ohio RiverValleys.
In what conditions does Histoplasma capsulatum grow?
•Grows in soil; bird droppings
Most common disseminated infection in AIDS patient?
Histoplasma capsulatum
Clinical manifestations of Histoplasma capsulatum?
–Asymptomaticpulmonary infection
–Respiratoryinfection characterized by fever, chills, cough, chest pain (usually withintense exposure)
–Insetting of AIDS: severe disseminateddisease can develop•Pancytopenia (due to bone marrow infiltration) •Mouth/GI ulcers•Skin rash (pustules, nodules)•Mortality up to 10%
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