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What are the two somatic symptoms and related disorders?
Illness Anxiety Disorder and Conversion Disorder
What are the factors that contribute to somatic symptoms and related disorders?
- Genetic and biological vulnerability
- Early traumatic experiences
- Learning (e.g. attention obtained from illness, lack of reinforcement of non-somatic expressions of distress)
- Cultural and social norms (that devalue and stigmatise psychological suffering as compared with physical suffering
What is conversion disorder?
A) one or more symptoms of altered voluntary motor or sensory function
B) clinical findings provide evidence of incompatibility between the symptom and recognised neurological or medical conditions
C) the symptom or deficit is not better explained by another medical or mental disorder
D) the symptom or deficit causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning or warrants medical evaluation
What is illness anxiety disorder?
- Preoccupation with having or acquiring a series illness
- Somatic symptoms are not present, or if present, are only mild in intensity
- There is a high level of anxiety about health, and the individual is easily alarmed about personal health status
- The individual performs excessive health-related behaviours (e.g. checking body for signs of illness) or exhibits maladaptive avoidance (e.g. avoids appointments with doctor)
What are dissociative disorders?
- Characterise by a disruption of and/or discontinuity in the normal integration of consciousness, memory, identity, emotion, perception, body representation, motor control, and behaviour
- Dissociative symptoms can potentially disrupt every area of psychological functioning
How are dissociative symptoms experienced?
- Unbidden intrusions into awareness and behaviour
- Inability to access information or to control mental functions that normally are readily amenable to access or control (e.g. amnesia)
What is dissociative amnesia?
- Inability to recall important personal information, usually of a traumatic or stressful nature, that is inconsistent with ordinary forgetting
- The symptoms cause clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning
- Can be distinguished from brain disorders and substance abuse
What percentage of the population has dissociative amnesia?
1-2%
What is dissociative identity disorder?
Two or more distinct personalities appear to exist in one person and appear to control behaviour.
Each personality has a unique identity, name, and behaviour patterns
Why is dissociative identity disorder considered a survival technique?
98% of all diagnosed with DID have a history of abuse.
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