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The IVDP requires Port houses to maintain compliance with the lei do tergo (“_____?”), a decree restricting sales of Port to one-third of a house’s total inventory annually.
law of the third
For Porto, the preferred red grapes are ____________?. They must constitute a minimum 60% of the blend.
Preferred white Port grapes include ?
Many of the Douro’s vineyards are planted on steep, terraced slopes—although one new planting system abandons traditional terraces in favor of planting vines in vertical rows leading directly up the slopes (_____?). ______?—wider terraces that can be navigated by tractor—are more common. Grapes are harvested by hand.
Traditionally, grapes were foot-crushed and fermented in low, open granite troughs called ?
lagares
—the fortification of wine with spirit—occurs when approximately one-third of the sugar content has been converted to alcohol. Known as?
Beneficio
The wine is fortified to 19-___?% abv by the addition of _______?—“burning water”—a 77% abv neutral grape spirit. The spirit is raw and uncomplicated; it is a young, fiery alcohol that contributes nothing to the character of the wine, rather it imparts the robustness necessary for the new Port to reach a proper maturity.
The process of _____? (known to the French as mutage) halts fermentation, killing the yeasts and preserving sweetness in the Port. The winemaker relies on a complex series of calculations to determine the amount of aguardente to add to the base wine. For most Port, aguardente will be added to the fermenting wine in a __?:__?ratio, although lower alcohol (and drier) styles of white Port are produced.
A ___?, the traditional barrel used for both aging and shipping Port wine, varies in size:
pipe
Pipes used in the Douro Valley usually hold ____? liters, whereas pipes in Vila Nova de Gaia may often contain 620 liters. The size of a pipe used for shipping Port is set at ____? liters, although pipes used for shipping Madeira or Marsala are smaller.
550 Liters
534.24 Liters
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