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What are the three stages of development?
cognitive, moral, and psychosocial
what does cognition refer to?
Cognition refers to the mental activities that help us function,
e.g.
problem-solving.
figuring out how the world works.
developing models and concepts.
storing and retrieving knowledge.
understanding and using language.
using self-talk and inner thoughts.
Cognitive Development:Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
What did Jean Piaget study?
the errors in cognition made by children in order to understand in what ways they think differently than adults.
We don’t start out being able to think like adults.
A baby trying to slide down a miniature slide or miniature car
The error is an inability to understand scale (relative size).
Jean Piaget and Cognitive Development: Schemas
What is a schema?
An early tool to organize those experiences is a schema, a mental container we build to hold our experiences.
Schemas can take the form of images, models, and/or concepts.
A child forms a schema called “COW” which he uses to think about animals of a certain shape and size.
e.g. Calling a moose a cow
accommodation
refers to adjusting our schema to better fit our experiences.
A little girl can accommodate her animal schema by separating the cat, and even different types of dogs, into separate schemas.
assimilation
refers to incorporating new experiences into our existing
How can a little girl use her “dog” schema when encountering a cat?
She can assimilate the experience into her schema by referring to the cat as a “dog”
what did Jean Piaget believe cognitive development:is a combination of?
Jean Piaget believed that cognitive development:is a combination of nature and nurture.
Children make leaps in cognitive abilities from one stage of development to the next.
Children grow by maturation as well as by learning through interacting/playing with the environment.is not one continuous progression of change. Children make leaps in cognitive abilities from one stage of development to the next.
remeber this
sensorimotor,preoperational,concrete operational,formal operational.
http://i.gyazo.com/563fc5dd37544b5417de7a2cae0d8d89.png
Sensorimotor Stage (From Birth to Age 2)
in the sensorimotor stage, children explore by looking, hearing, touching, mouthing, and grasping.
Object Permanence
the idea that objects exist even when they can’t be seen.
Through games like “peekaboo,” kids learn object permanence
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