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Erikson's stages of pyschosocial development
8 stages in which an individual has to establish changing concepts of self and reality. As students makes a stage jump they are challenged with positive and negative influences to strive for self-identity
1. Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-18 months)
-infant must form a trusting relationship with a caregiver
-positive resolution: Trust=basic needs being met
-primary event: feeding
-psychosocial strength: hope
-you can determine a sense of trust based off of how the child reacts to the primary caregiver leaving the area
2. Autonomy vs. Shames (18 mo- 3 yr)
- Child begins to learn self-control while doing physical skills
-positive resolution: development of self-confidence based off of encouragement and limit setting without blame
-primary event: toileting training
-psychosocial strength: willpower
3. Initiative vs. Guilt (3-6 yr)
- child begins to take initiative and explore the world around him/her
-positive resolution: allowed to explore the environment without criticism or over protection from caregiver
-primary event: independence
-psychosocial strength: purpose
4. Industry vs. Inferiority (6-12 yrs)
-positive resolution: productive work, successful experiences, and understanding progress
-primary event: school
-psychosocial strength: competence
-make sure to match the content with the ability of the students so they learn a sense of success
- child has to deal with demands of academics, peers, and parents
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (adolescence)
-attempts to achieve identity in gender roles, politics, religion, sexuality, etc.
- positive resolution: peer acceptance to the answer to the question: who am I?
- Primary event: peer relationships
-psychosocial strength: loyalty
6. Intimacy vs. Isolation (young adulthood)
-must develop intimate relationships or suffer isolation
- positive resolution: ability to self-disclose with another person
-primary event: loving relationships
-psychosocial strength: love
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (middle adulthood)
- concern, thoughts, and support for the next generation
- positive resolution: acts of caring beyond the self
-primary event: parenting
- psychosocial strength: care
8. Integrity vs. Despair
- sense of acceptance of the life lived
- positive resolution: satisfaction about the past
- primary event: reflection on and acceptance of one's life
-psychosocial strength: wisdom
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