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What is a chemoautotroph?
An organism that gains its metabolic energy using energy from chemical reactions.
State the gases present in the atmosphere and their proportions in the air, and explain their importance for life [7]
- Nitrogen 78% {used in proteins}
- Oxygen 21% {used in aerobic respiration}
- Carbon dioxide 0.038% {used in photosynthesis}
- Rare gases 1%
- Methane 0.00017% {chemoautotroph as a source for carbon}
- Ozone 0.000007% {absorb UV in stratosphere}
- Water vapour 4% (up to) {water cycle}
What is ozone?
Triatomic oxygen
Describe the term 'dynamic equilibrium'
A combination of active processes that cancel out each other's effects so that there is no overall change.
Describe the structure of the atmosphere with reference to the names of layers from altitude 0km to 100km
Troposphere
Tropopause
Stratosphere
Stratopause
Mesosphere
Mesopause
Thermosphere
How does the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere change over a 24 hour cycle?
CO2 rises at night as respiration occurs but photosynthesis cannot. During day CO2 drops as as photosynthesis is more rapid then respiration. Fluctuations are greater in summer then in winter.
Describe how temperature changes with increasing altitude in (A) the troposphere, and (B) the stratosphere
(A) Declines with increasing altitude due to heating by infrared radiation from ground
(B) Increases with increasing altitude due to heating by UV from sun.
What is Electromagnetic radiation?
Energy in the form of waves with a range of frequencies.
Describe nuclear fusion?
The release of energy during the joining of nuclei of small atoms.
What is global climate change?
The various changes to the climate caused by increasing energy being retained in the atmosphere as a result of human activities.
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