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Renin-angiotensin system
1) Circulating renin-angiotensin system
2) Local/tissue renin angiotensin system
ACE in Circulating renin-angiotensin system
Located on luminal surface of vascular endothelial cells (especially in lungs)
Mesangial cells
1) mesangial cells /intraglomerular mesangial cells
2) lacis cells/extraglomerular mesangial cells
Juxtraglomerular apparatus
1) macula densa cells- epithelial cells of thick ascending limb of LH
2) juxtraglomerular cells- modified smooth muscle cells present in the tunica media of afferent arteriole,
Secrets Renin
3) lacis cells- located in triangle bounded by macula densa, afferent & efferent arteriole
Renin-angiotensin system and sites of action of its inhibitors
Location of Angiotensin Receptors
AT1- vascular smooth muscle, myocardium, plasma membrane of target cells
AT2-
Foetas: widely distributed in all tissue s
Adult: Adrenal medulla, vascular endothelium & in some parts of brain
Inhibitors of renin-angiotensin system
1) Renin release inhibitors -
Beta blockers
2) Direct renin inhibitors -
Aliskiren
3) ACE inhibitors -
Captopril, enalapril, lisinopril, benzepril, ramipril, perindopril
4) Angiotensin receptor blockers/ARB-
Losartan, candesartan, valsartan, telmisartan, irbesartan
Kallikrein-Kinin System
Kininogens ———>kinins
*by the action of enzyme Kallikrein
Important kinins - >
Bradykinin & kallidin
Regulation of Kallikrein-Kinin System
Kininase II is identical to ACE
Kinin receptors
B1 & B2
(B is not beta)
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