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What can advances in techniques clarify?
Evolutionary relationships.
What have advances in genome sequencing allowed us to do?
Determine the entire base sequence of an organisms DNA.
How can genome sequencing be used to clarify evolutionary relationships?
• The DNA base sequence of one organism can be compared with the base sequence of another.
• Closely related species will have a higher percentage of similarity in their DNA base order.
How can comparing amino acid sequences be used to clarify evolutionary relationships?
• Related organisms have similar DNA sequences and so similar amino acid sequences.
• eg. Cytochrome C is a short protein found in many species. The more similar the amino acid sequence of cytochrome C in two different species, the more closely related the species are likely to be.
Immunological comparisons can be used to clarify evolutionary relationships. How?
Similar proteins will bind to the same antibodies.
How were early estimates of genetic diversity made?
By looking at the frequency of measurable or observable characteristics in a population.
How do scientists determine how many different alleles there are of a gene, in a population?
By comparing DNA base sequence of same gene as alleles have slightly different DNA base sequences.
What will different alleles also produce?
• Slightly different mRNA base sequences.
• Slightly different proteins with slightly different amino acid sequences.
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