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What happens during the recovery phase of an AP?
Local sodium and potassium ion concentrations restored to resting by
Na+/K+ pump
Membrane potential returns to resting
How is the membrane potential returned to resting?
1. Diffusion of ions away from the membrane
2. Diffusion of downstream sodium into hyperpolarized region
Action potentials travel down ____ and have a ____ quality their ____ is constant
travel down an axon, have an all or none qualitiy and their amplitude is constant
How is information about a stimulus deciphered from APs
The frequency of APs
Saltatory conduction
APs hope from one node to the next node (SPEEDS UP APs)
What are the node of saltatory conduction called?
Nodes of Ranvier
3 key steps of information flow in neuronal networks
1. Axonal conduction of the action potential
2. Synaptic transmission of chemical signal from presynaptic to postsynaptic neuron
3. Postsynaptic neuron integration of inputs to determine if AP is fired
Spatial summation:
Occurs when several excitatory post synaptic potentials arrive at the axon hillock simultaneously
Temporal summation:
Postsynaptic potentials created at same synapse in rapdi succession can be summed
What happens when glutamate binds AMPA receptor?
Rapid influx of Na+
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