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Vygotsky
Learning is a social process and social interaction plays a fundamental role in the development of cognition. Vygotsky believed everything is learned on two levels.
First, through interaction with others, and then integrated into the individual’s mental structure
Social(interaction with others) and individual (within the child) cultural development occurs in all learning.
Developed the Zone of Proximal Development
Social/cultural and zone
Zone of Proximal Development
Vygotsky's theory of learning
is the area of exploration for which the student is cognitively prepared, but requires help and social interaction to fully develop
A teacher or peer provide the "scaffolding" to support knowledge and develop complex skills(collaborative learning, scaffolding and modeling are used to facilitate learning).
Supportive/socially rich classroom
Kohlberg
Theory of moral development
Pre conventional: >10
1. Obedience and punishment
Right and wrong
2. Individualism & Exchange
Understanding of different viewpoints
Conventional Morality: Adolescence
3. Good interpersonal relationships(good boy/good girl)
4. Maintain social order(society's rules/justice) uphold law to avoid guilt
Post conventional Morality: Adulthood
5. Social contract &Individual Rights(Morality is not always clear cut. Rules may be bent for the good of human rights
6. Universal Principles (personal moral guidelines that may/may not fit the law. The greater good (MLK, Gandhi, Nelson Mandela) Few reach this level
Heinz steals meds for sicknwife
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