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Functionalists see education as a process that transmits the shared norms and values of society as a whole.
(Durkheim)
Marxists believe that this view ignores the inequality of power in society. There is no value consensus, education transmits the ideology of the minority - the ruling class.
Feminists argue that the school passes on patriarchal values which disadvantages girls and women, and benefits boys and men.
Marxists and Feminists views
Education allows there to be a distinction between particularistic values and ascribed status of the family and universalistic values and achieved status of the wider society. (Parsons)
Ascribed status characteristics such as gender, social class and ethnic background still influences achievement
Ascribed status characteristics
Education provides a trained and qualified labour force
The content of what people learn in schools often has very little to do with what they have to do in their jobs. Many occupations demand educational qualifications as an attempt to raise their status, rather than providing the knowledge and skill requirements necessary for the job.
What people learn in schools
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