term1 Definition1term2 Definition2term3 Definition3
Please sign in to your Google account to access your documents:
Neonate: 0-10 Daya
General: characterized by physiological flexor activity
Prone: physiological flexion; head lifting is first step in development of anti-gravity extension and weight shifting
Supine: physiological flexion in extremities, but no control of neck flexors; baby can briefly keep head in midline but usually is rotated to the side
Sitting: lack of trunk muscular control
Standing: primary standing and automatic walking
One Month: 4 weeks
General: physiological flexion has decreased in the extremities and the baby is more extended; minimal change in motor control; prone head lift better.
Two Months
General: characterized by semi-hypotonia, decreased physiological flexion and increased extension and asymmetry; extension not balanced by anti-gravity flexion
Prone: hips more extended; initiation of head lifting and turning is easier
Supine: gravity increases ROM in head rotation, shoulder external rotation, and hip ER
-head rorates further to the side due to gravity and presence of increased unilateral activity of neck extensors
-May get stimulation of ATNR
-Lateral vision becomes dominant and eye-hand regard and swiping at toys at the side is frequently observed
Pull to sit: does attempt to assist with head lift due to stimulation of optical and labyrinthine righting; lack of anti-gravity neck flexor control
Sitting: head bobbing resulting from intermittent head and heck extensor activity; lack of trunk control
Standing: demonstrates astasia-abasia
Three Months
General: beginning of active symmetry and bilateral control of the neck and trunk muscles; midline orientation of head, eyes, and hands is starting
Prone: head/neck extension accompanied by upper trunk (thoracic) extension results in better lifting and turning of the head;
-weight bearing emerging on the forearms with upper chest lifted from the support surface-first coordinated action of extensors and chest flexors working together;
-pelvis is flat
-LE's flexed, abducted, and ext rotated ("frog-legged" position) prerequisite for lumbar spine hyperextention and anterior pelvic tilt
Supine: increased symmetry with head for frequently in midline with chin tuck
-hands come together on chest (body awareness)
-midline ocular control increases
-"frog legged" position
Sitting: head lift with neck hyperextension, usually stabilized with scapular elevation; needs full support to sit
Standing: takes weight on feet; LE's are abducted and knees stiffly extended; no automatic walking
Four Months
General: strong symmetry; baby uses bilateral symmetrical control of flexor and extensor muscles; balance of neck muscles results in midline control of head in prone, supine, and sitting
Prone: increased extensor muscle control;
-often seen total extension pattern reinforced by bilateral scapular adduction ("swimming")
- scapular adduction also seen in initial sitting, standing, and walking
-pectoral muscles adduct the arms in line with the trunk; active shoulder adduction helps facilitate abdominal muscle contraction and head flexion resutling in chin tuck with elongation of the neck.
-plays with pelvic tilt: ant pelvic tilts are accompanied by lumbar ext, hip flex, knee flex, and ankle DF; posterior pelvic tilts are accompanied by hip ext, knee ext, and ankle PF;
-activity in hip adductors bring the legs closer together and elongate the hip abductiors and hip flexors, resulting in accidental rolling
Supine: increased antigravity flexor muscle control
-lifts head, arms, and legs to reach the hands to knees (body awareness); head rotation initiates rolling to sidelying
Pull to sit: initiates the lift
Sitting: leans forward at hips with trunk ext; still needs support
Standing: takes weight on feet with support at hands instead of trunk
Five Months
General: Important for the emerging capabilities of lateral weight shifting and lateral righting reactions of the head and spine, and of UE and LE dissociation
Prone: assumes and maintains forearm and extended arm weight bearing
- increased shoulder girdle control and trunk control enables the baby to shifft weight at the pelvis and forearms and reach out with one arm
Supine: increased control in the abdominal and hip flexor muscles
-Ligts legs and brings his feet to his hands and to his mouth with post pelvis tilt (body awareness) and rolls to his side
Side-lying: assumes a posture of lat flexion, laterally flexing his head away from the floor with the lower leg extended and adducted and the top leg flexed and abducted; note increased control into lateral flexion and increased LE dissociation.
-labyrinthine and optical righting provide stimulus for lateral head righting; need balance of unilateral extensors with unilateral flexors to laterally flex
Pull to sit: no head lag present; increased abdominal control stabilizes the rib cage for head and neck flexion and minimizes shoulder girdle elevation; pulls up with arms
Sitting: continues to lean forward from the hips and props on extended arms; doesn't have sufficient hip extensor to control to stabilize the pelvis in the upright position in sitting.
-postural stability is also achieved with bilateral symmetrical scapular adduction.
Standing: when pulled to stand, baby frequently uses strong knee extension to elevate his body; takes full weight on his legs but must be supported.
Six Months
General: good head control in flex, ext, and lateral flex; reaching and protective ext forward due to increased shoulder girdle control; trunk control and mobility are increasing.
Prone: extensor activity in strong; good balance between flexors and extensors
-see chin tuck with elongation of neck, and balance between upper trunk extensors and upper trunk flexors with good shoulder girdle stability
-Trunk extensors balanced by active abdominal contraction decreasing the amount of lordosis; good hip extension is possible because the abdominals stabilize the pelvis
- sufficient shoulder girdle control to weight shift on extended arms and reach but still often drops down to forearms during weight shifting
Supine: sufficient abdominal and LE muscle control to lift pelvis and legs and maintain his legs extended above his body
Rolling: rolls supine to prone: initiated with flexion either in LE's or head; flexor components dominate the action until side-lying and then extension become dominant.
Sitting: can sit indep while maintaining a streaght back and tucked chin due to increased hip extensor control
-due to increased spinal-trunk control, scapular muscles no longer needed and UE's are free and can be used for reaching, manipulation of protective ext forward
Standing: bears weight on both legs; sufficient trunk and hip control to indep hold on to the support of a person or a firm object; can bounce in standing with feet flat on floor
Seven Months
General: sits independently and begins to shift weight in sitting; sideways protective extension often present; trunk control sufficient to allow dissociation of the LE from the trunk resulting in various LE positions while sitting
Prone: preferred position because of ease in transferring into other positions; prone pivot, belly crawling
Quadruped: prone transition through lateral weight shift, LE dissociation, followed by lifting of pelvis over the flexed leg and UE elbow ext to lift the body into quadruped
-Lumbar lordosis seen in quadruped due to insufficient activity in abdominals; when abdominals are active, the lordosis is reduced and the shoulder girdle muscles are active; when abdominals are active, doesn't need to "fix" with hip flexors and he can rock forward and backward.Sitting: from quadruped, transition backward into sitting; usually initiated with a lateral weight shift, trunk lateral flexion balance reaction, and LE dissociation; starting to use trunk rotation in sittingStanding: may try to assume standing from quadruped; elevates and extends his trunk by reaching up and places hands on firm object and then pushes down with both arms while simultaneously extending both knees; he relies on UE for stability and control in standing.
Eight Months
Sitting: trunk control in sitting has improved; uses LE's less frequently for positional stability; sits in variety of positions
Quadruped: trasitions from sitting to/from quadruped
Creeping: primary means of locomotion; reciprocal creeping occurs when the trunk has sufficient control to support the counter-rotation of the shoulder girdle and the pelvis
Stand: transistions from quadruped to kneeling to halg-kneel to stand; continues to rely heavily on UE's to do the majority of the lifting
Cruise: indep cruises sideways around furniture by facing forward and alternately abductin and adducting his legs and arms
Walking: when both hands are held. walks forward using a steppage-gait using wide abduction, external rotation, and flexion; person who is walking with the baby provides the actual forward movement
Nine Months
General: very functional in sitting; able to change sitting postures and initiate and control a variety of movement transitions and sequences; trunk control enables him to practice and further develop his fine motor and manipulative skills
Sitting: plays with a variety of positions with good dynamic mobility
Quadruped: moves easily sit to/from quadruped; creeping for primary mobility
Standing: kneeling-->half-kneel-->stand at support; continues to use UE's for balance and some assistance, his legs are becoming more active and powerful
Climbing: climbing uses UE and LE dissociations
Cruise: beginning to add pelvic rotations to the cruising; his external rotation has decreased, but still uses marked hip flexion and abduction
Need help typing ? See our FAQ (opens in new window)
Please sign in to create this set. We'll bring you back here when you are done.
Discard Changes Sign in
Please sign in to add to folders.
Sign in
Don't have an account? Sign Up »
You have created 2 folders. Please upgrade to Cram Premium to create hundreds of folders!