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What is dynamic equilibrium
It occurs when a reversible reactions forward and backward rate are the same, the concentration of the reactants and products are constant.
What is le chapeliers principle and what is the 3 conditions of changes?
Le chateliers principle: if conditions are changed in a reversible reaction, the equilibrium position will shift in order to minimise the change
3 conditions of change: temperature/ pressure/ concentration
Equilibrium position shifts by change of increasing tempreture
In the ENDOTHERMIC direction ( transferring energy from the surroundings, cooling them down)
Equilibrium position shifts by change of decreasing temperature
In the EXOTHERMIC direction ( transferring energy to the surroundings, heating them up)
Increasing gas pressure
In the direction that forms fewer gas (as this reduces pressure)
Equilibrium position shifts by change of decreasing gas pressure
In the direction that forms more gas molecules (as this increased pressure)
Equilibrium position shifts by increasing a concentration
In the direction that uses up the substance that has been added
Equilibrium position shifts by decreasing a concentration
In the direction that forms more of the substance that has been removed
The haber process: tempreture
Increasing the temperature favours the endothermic reaction
In the haber process, the reverse reaction is endothermic so the equilibrium will shift to the left, producing more H2 and N2
Increasing the temperature will increase the rate of the forwards and backwards reactions allowing equilibrium to be reached faster
A compromise of equilibrium and rate is reached at 450•
The haber process: pressure
Higher pressure favours the side of the reaction with fewer molecules of gas
In the haber process, there are fewer molecules of gas in the right hand side, so the equilibrium will shift right, forming more products
Increasing the pressure also increases the rate of the reaction allowing the equilibrium to be reached quicker
High pressures are expense to maintain due to equipment cost so a compromise of 200 atmospheres is used.
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