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Indentured Servants
Migrants who, in exchange for transatlantic passage, bound themselves to a colonial employer for a term of service, typically between four and seven years. Their migration addressed the chronic labor shortage in the colonies and facilitated settlements.
Headright System
Employed in the tobacco colonies to encourage the importation of indentured servants, the system allowed an individual to acquire 50 acres of land if he paid for a labor's passage to the colony.
Bacon's Rebellion
(1676) Uprising of Virginia backcountry farmers and indentured servants led by planter Nathaniel Bacon; Initially a response to Governor William Berkley's refusal to protect backcountry settlers from Indian attacks, the rebellion eventually grew into a broader conflict between impoverished settlers andn the planter elite.
Royal African Company
English joint stock company that enjoyed a state granted monopoly on the colonial slave trade from 1672 until 1698. The supply of slaves to the North American colonies rose sharply once the company lost its monopoly privileges.
Middle Passage
Transatlantic voyage slaves endured between Africa and the colonies. Mortality rates were notoriously high.
Slave Codes
Set of laws defining racial slavery beginning in 1662, including establishing the hereditary nature of slavery, legally limiting the rights and learning of slaves.
New York Slave Revolt
(1712) uprising of approximately two dozen slaves that resulted in the deaths of 9 whites and the brutal execution of 21 participating blacks.
South Carolina Slave Revolt (Stono River)
(1739) Uprising, also known as the Stono Rebellion, of more than 50 South Carolina blacks along the Stono River. The slaves attempted to reach Spanish Florida but were stopped by the South Carolina militia.
Congregational Church
Self-governing Puritan congregations without the hierarchical establishment of the Anglican church.
Jeremiad
Often fiery sermons lamenting the waning piety of parishioners, first developed in New England in the mid-17th century, named after the doomsaying Old Testament prophet Jeremiah.
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