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Why is voltage-clamp necessary to study the action potential?
The postive feedback once threshold is achieved makes it impossible to study at a particular voltage
How do you obtain the membrane current with voltage clamp?
By recording the current that must be generated by the voltage clamp to keep the membrane potential from changing
What is the relationship between the membrane voltage and the charge on the membrane capacitance?
They are proportional
How can the capacitive current be separated from the ion currents?
It is immediate and instantaneous
Do the voltage-gated sodium channels have different or the same kinetics?
Different
Describe the ionic current during a voltage step.
A small, steady outward current that persists for the duration of the pulse
Describe the capacitive current during a voltage step.
There is a very brief outward instantaneous current that discharges the membrane capacitance; at the end of the step there is a brief inward capacitance current as the ionic current goes to zero
What is leakage current, Il?
The current that flows through the nongated channels of the membrane
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