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Polymer
-Long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds
-Like a train consist of a chain of cars
Monomers
-The repeating units that serve as the building blocks of a polymer are smaller molecules
Condensation Reaction/Dehydration Reaction
Enzymes
-Monomers connected by reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other through loss of a water molecule b/c water is the molecule that is lost
-Enzymes facilitates the dehydration process, and are special macromolecules that speed up chemical reaction in cells
Hydrolysis
-Polymers are disassembled to monomers by hydrolysis; process that reverses the dehydration reaction
-Means to break using water
-Bonds between monomers broken by addition of water molecules
Carbohydrates
-Include sugar & polymers of sugar
-Simplest are Monosaccharides
-Disaccharides are double sugars of 2 Monosaccharides joined together by a covalent bond
Monosaccharides
-Formula unit of CH2O
-Trademark of sugar has carbonyl group and multiple of hydroxyl group
-Most name for sugar end in [ose]
Disaccharide
Glycosidic Linkage
-Disaccharide consist of two monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkage
-Glycosidic linkage, a covalent bond formed between two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction
Polysaccharides
-Macromolecules, polymers with a few hundreds to a thousand monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages
-Some serve as storage material, hydrolyzed as needed to provide sugar for cells
Starch
-Plants store starch, a polymer of glucose monomers, as granule within cellular structures known as plastids, which include chloroplasts
Cellulose
-Polysaccharide that is a major component of the cell wall of a plant
-Is a polymer of glucose
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