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What does the upper urinary system consist of?
Two kidneys and two ureters
What is the lower urinary system consist of?
Bladder and urethra
What are the six primary functions of the kidneys?
Regulate fluid and electrolyte balance
Excrete waste products from body
Secrete renin to regulate BP
Secrete erythropoietin to stimulate bone marrow to produce RBCs
Synthesize vitamin D for calcium absorption and regulation of parathyroid hormones
Maintain acid-base (pH)
Nephrons
Functional units of the kidneys, composed of glomerulus, Bowmans capsule and a tubular system.
Glomerulus
Tiny ball shaped strucutre compoased of capillary blood vessels that are actively involved in the filtration of blood to form urine.
Bowman's Capsule
Double walled capsule that surrounds the glomerulus. Serves as a filter to remove organic wastes excess inorganic salts and water.
Tubules
Filtered fluid is converted to urine in the tubules. Consists of proximal convoluted tubule, descending loop of Henle, ascending loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule
Where does urine formation begin?
The glomerulus
What is the glomerular filtration rate?
Amount of blood filtered each minute by the glomeruli
What is a normal GFR?
125 mL/minute
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