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What does the brain stem do?
Regulates both motor and sensory processes and required for consciousness
What transmitters have their source in brainstem nuclei?
Noradrenaline
Dopamine
Serotonin
What are the three main functions of cranial nerves?
1) Provide motor and general sensory innervation of the skin, muscles, and joints in the head and neck
2) Mediate vision, hearing, olfaction, and taste
3) Parasympathetic innervation of autonomic ganglia that control visceral functions, such as breathing, heart rate, blood pressure, coughing, and swallowing
Describe CN I.
(Name, Type, and Function)
Olfactory
Sensory
Smell
Describe CN II.
(Type and Function)
Optic
Sight
Describe CN III.
Oculomotor
Motor
Eye movements: all extraocular muscles except superior oblique and lateral rectus; pupillary constriction; accommodation of lens
Describe CN IV.
Trochlear
Eye movements: innervates superior oblique muscle
Describe CN V.
Trigeminal
Mixed
Sensory: cutaneous and proprioceptive from face, and sensory information of teeth
Motor: muscles of mastication
Describe CN VI.
Abducens
Eye movements: lateral rectus muscle
Describe CN VII.
Facial
Motor: muscles of facial expression, lacrimal glands, and salivary glands
Sensory: taste sensation from anterior two-thirds of tongue, and skin of external ear
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