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Deme
A local population of organisms that have similar genes, interbreed, and produce offspring. A population of organisms that are closely related.
Gene pool
All genetic information in the breeding population.
Reproductive isolation
Any circumstance that prevents two populations from interbreeding and exchanging genetic material, such as when two populations are separated by a large body of water or a major mountain range.
In biological terms if two populations are reproductively isolated, members of one population cannot interbreed with members of the other. This is largely related to geographic isolation. If 2 populations of the same species become isolated by geographic changes then enough genetic differences can accumulate to create two different species.
Microevolution
Small-scale evolution, such as changes in allele frequency, that occurs from one generation to the next.
Macroevolution
Large-scale evolution, such as speciation event, that occurs after hundreds or thousands of generations.
Equilibrium
There are instances in which frequency does not change over time -that is, when the frequencies of a population's alleles for a particular trait are in a state of equilibrium.
Equilibrium is the condition in which the system is stable, balanced, and unchanging.
Hardy Weinberg Law of Equilibrium
A mathematical model in population genetics that reflects the relationship between frequencies of alleles and genotypes; it could be used to determine whether a population is undergoing evolutionary changes.
What might cause a population to change it's allele frequencies amd go out of equilibrium?
Mutation, natural selection, gene flow, genetic drift
What is the only source of new genetic variation in a population?
Mutations are the only source of new genetic variation in a population.
Point mutations
Replacements of a single nitrogen base with another base, which may or may not affect the amino acid for which the triplet codes.
Incorrect base pairings
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