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Molecular biology
The study of the heredity at the molecular level.
What did scientists first think was the basis for hereditary material, and why?
Scientists first thought proteins were the basis for genetic material, as proteins are more complex, having 20 different amino acid building blocks compared to DNA's 4.
Who first discovered DNA's genetic role, and who found the first convincing evidence for it?
DNA's genetic role was first discovered in 1928 by Frederick Griffith, while scientists Hershey and Martha Chase conducted the experiment that confirmed Griffith's findings.
Bacteriophages (phages for short)
Viruses that exclusively infect bacteria.
What convinced Hershey and Chase that DNA, rather than protein, is the genetic material of phage T2?
Radioactively labeled phage DNA, but not labeled protein, entered the host cell during infection and directed the synthesis of new viruses.
Nucleotides
The monomers for DNA and RNA
Polynucleotide
A nucleotide polymer
Sugar-phosphate backbone
A sugar molecule connected to a phosphate group, which is in turn connected to another sugar, ect.
Deoxyribonucleic acid
The full name for DNA.
Pyrimidines
Nucleotides that are single-ring structures. Pyrimidines consist of thymine (T) and cytosine (C).
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