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Parkinson's Disease:
Famous people with
-- Michael J Fox.
-- Muhammed Ali.
Prognosis
Slowly progressive and degenerative
What is disease progression in general
The progression for Parkinson's Disease is:
1. Unilateral tremor.
2. Bilateral tremor.
3. Symptoms worsen. Onset of difficulties with ADL but can live independently.
4. Requires help with some or all ADLs.
5. Confined to wheelchair or bed. Maximally assisted.
Spina bifida -- what are the root meanings of these two words
Spina = spine.
Bifida = split.
Spina Bifida literally means "split spine".
Spina Bifida:
1. what is it ?
2. etiology?
1, Spina bifida is a neural tube defect (neural tube is what becomes brain and spinal cord)
2, Etiology is unknown (idiopathic)
Spina Bifida: describe the 3 types
1. Occult spinal dysraphism (OSD). -- presence of external manifestation but no protrusion.
2. Spina bifida w/ meningocele. -- protrusion BUT doesn't include spinal cord.
3. Spina Bifida w/ myelomeningocele. -- protrusion includes spinal cord or nerves roots.
Muscular DystrophIES, as a category. Are they degenerative?
Yes, MS or multiple sclerosis is a degenerative disorders.
Muscular Dystrophies, as a category: Onset
MD, or Muscular Dystrophy, can begin at any time during life. in Infancy,
Childhood, or in Adulthood.
Muscular Dystrophies, as a category:
1. What is its progression?
2. How is it diagnosed?
1. MD, mulscular dystrophy, may be rapid and fatal, or may remain stable throughout life.
(Those starting early in life, tend to be more severe and progress more rapidly.)
2. Dx: Blood test for muscle enzymes or proteins
Name 4 symptoms
1. Low muscle tone, & weakness. (these contribute to abnormal movement pattern & delayed developmental milestones)
2. Oral motor feeding may be difficult
3. Deformities of the extremities and spine, (these are caused by muscle weakness)
4. Breathing difficulty. This may require tracheostomies or mechanical ventilators. Breathing difficulties often lead to death.
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