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Phenolic
-Compound that contains a phenolic group
-Actions: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimicrobial
-Herbs: abundant in nature especially in plants
-Readily accept/donate electrons
Phenylpropanoids
-Derived from phenylalanine
-Used to make hydroxy cinnamic acids which are precursors for phenylpropene, polyphenol, and coumarins
Hydroxy cinnamic acid
-Derived from phenylpropanoid; has a carboxylic acid group attached to it
-Actions: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antidiabetic
-Caffeic acid, ferulic acid, coumaric acids
-Rosmarinic acid (Antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic)
Phenylpropene
-Derived from hydroxy cinnamic acid; has a 3 carbon side chain with a double bond
-Actions: carminative, antimicrobial
-Herbs: Anise, fennel, clove
-Long-term use -> hepatotoxic
Polyphenol
-Has more than one phenolic group
-Precursor of flavonoids, curcuminoids, stilbenoids, and lignans
Flavinoids
-Polyphenol with 2 phenyl rings and heterocyclic ring
-Derivatives of flavones, isoflavones, flavanol, anthocyanidins
Curcuminoids
-Derived from polyphenol; phenylpropanoid dimer
-Actions: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, hepatoprotective, chologogue
-Curcumin (Tumeric)
Stilbenoids
-polyphenol
-Actions: antioxidant, anti-aging, phytoestrogenic
-Resveratrol - grapes, blueberries, peanuts
Lignans
-Derived from polyphenol
-Actions: phytoestrogenic, antioxidant, anticancer
-Secolsolariciresinol
-Flax, sesame seeds
Flavones
-Flavonoids with a ketone
-Actions: Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antihistimine
-quercin
-onions, citrus (hesperetin, ,nariginenin), leafy vegetables, tea
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