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About how long ago did vascular plant appear? What is the fossil evidence for this?
They appear about 420 may, known from xylem cells. Complete fossil vascular plan Cooksonia estimates 400 may (million years ago)
Distinguish between homosporous and heterosporous plants. Provide an example genera for each.
Homosporous: start as sporoangium on sporophyll, a single type of spore, typically a bisexual gametophyte with both eggs and sperm. E.g. lycopodium
Heterosporous: posses two types of sporangia: microsporangia turn to microspores which become make gametophytes.
Megasporangia turn to megaspores which become female gametophytes. E.g. selaginella
What are the two extant phyla of vascular plants? Provide example genera of each phylum.
Gymnosperms: seed producing plants such as conifers, cycads, ginkgo, and gnetales.
Angiosperms: flowering plants, such as rises, lilies, etc.
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