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Origins of psychology
Wundt and introspection:
Wundt's lab: first psychology lab in Leipzig, introduced structuralism
Controlled methods: standardised instructions made the procedures replicable
early philosophical roots: Descartes, Locke, Darwin
the emergence of psychology as a science
Watson and the early behaviourists: rejection of introspection
scientific approach: behaviourism, the cognitive revolution, the biological approach, cognitive neuroscience
The learning approach: Behaviourism
assumptions: observable. basic processes same in all species
classical conditioning - Pavlov: association of NS with UCS to produce new CS and CR
operant conditioning - Skinner: Reinforcement (positive and negative). punishment
evaluation:
scientific credibility
real-life application
mechanistic
environmental determinism
ethical and practical issues in animal experiments
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