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Zheng He
Chinese Muslim admiral who commanded series of Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea trade expeditions under third Ming emperor, Yunglo, between 1405 and 1433.
Muslim
Renaissance
Cultural and political movement in western Europe; began in Italy c. 1400; rested on urban vitality and expanding commerce; featured a literature and art with distinctly more secular priorities than those of the Middle Ages.
Movement
Francesco Petrarch
One of the major literary figures of the Western Renaissance; an Italian author and humanist.
Literary
Castile and Aragon
Regional kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula; pressed reconquest of peninsula from Muslims and ultimately united under the Spanish monarchy.
Spanish
Vivaldis
Two Genoese brothers who attempted to find a western route to the "Indes"; disappeared in 1291; precursors of thrust in southern Atlantic.
Disappeared
Vasco da Gama
Portuguese captain who sailed for India in 1497; established early Portuguese dominance in Indian Ocean.
Captain
Henry the Navigator
Portuguese prince responsible for direction of series of expeditions along the African coast in the 15th century; marked beginning of western European expansion.
Prince
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