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Reconstruction of the Akapana mound (pg. 136)
Middle Horizon, 200 BCE - 1,000 CE
(Tiwanaku State: 200 CE - 1,000 CE)
Stone-faced tiers, sunken courtyard on top level
Puma tenon heads dotted the surface and a burial of a high priest held a puma effigy incense burner --> A monument to shamanic transformation into Puma / strong puma iconography
Evidence of a palace - visual hierarchy
Water = important element:
Channeled water through intricate pipe system, water ran down sides of structure, imported bluish-green gravel to place in upper terraces to invoke color of water in dry periods
Structure points towards East
"man-made" mountain
Moat: rep. Lake Titicaca --> becomes like an island
Many decapitated skeletons found on site - human and animal sacrifice --> suggests seriousness of the space
Semi-sunken plaza/temple (pg. 138)
Early Intermediate Period - Middle Horizon
Numerous monoliths interspersed with smaller stones, grand portals, and tall sculptures
Tenon heads - rudimentary/scematic faces
- Rep. different clans/areas/ethnicities - acknowledging cultural differences, but also bringing them together in this one place
- Natural stonework implemented/integrated in with perfectly crafted stones (various types of stone throughout)
Space is designed to force you to MOVE about; theatrical
The Sun Gate (pg. 140-141)
the city's foremost decorated portal showing the portal god/puma shaman surrounded by winged attendant figures with bird and human heads --> this imagery was spread throughout Tiwanaku and Wari empires (primarily textiles)
THRESHOLD:
- a powerful space that can be granted or denied access to and can also rep. change or transformation
- likely a later addition to the city
- found on its side --> not sure where it originally stood
- stonework from Tiwanaku was recycled after its downfall
- monolithic, made out of 1 giant piece of stone
MOVEMENT IN ARCHITECTURE:
- indented doorway (double-jambed door / a door within a door --> duality) creates a tunnel-like entrance --> moving space forward
- top element projects outward slightly --> moving space backward / high and low relief
TOP OF PORTAL:
- frontal, rayed being on the dais (may rep. the Akapana) hold a spear-thrower in his right hand and arrows in his left
- winged attendants are human or bird-headed and also carry arrows as staffs
Imagery on gate = high appropriate, whether for ritual purposes to shepherd performers from one sacred place to another or, on a higher symbolic level, to embody the change of consciousness as a passage through a cosmic portal.
Reconstruction of City Center (pg. 134)
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