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history and pseudo-history (and their purposes)
-> Geoffrey of Monmouth "History of the Kings of Britain"
Possible reasons for the invention of the Brutus myth:
- national unity
- translatio imperii
(a concept for describing history as a linear succession of transfers of an imperium that invests supreme power in a singular ruler, an "emperor".)
- expansionist agenda (proto-colonialism?)
Also "The Myth of Arthur's Return"
Breton lais
- Marie de France "Lanval", "Bisclavret"
- rhymed
- syllabic rhtythm
- assonance (repetition of vowel sounds to create internal rhyming within phrases)
- Beauty “catalogue”
Epic vs Romance
- considerable overlap between both (e.g. heroic virtues; fight against evil)
- but: Old English “epic” (a.k.a. “heroic”) and Middle English “romance” areoften considered distinct genres from separate eras
OE Epic in Britain typically…
- draws on older Germanicmyths
- celebrates heroic values, e.g.military prowess, physical strength
- has masculinist bias (focus oncomradeship between men)
- focuses on external action
- uses alliterative verse
MidE Romance in Britain typically…
- centres on “matter of Britain” (KingArthur), as opposed to the “matter ofRome” or the “matter of France”
- celebrates aristocratic virtues, thechivalric code, and good kingship
- pays more attention to role ofwomen and supposedly ‘feminine’virtues such as love and courtliness
- shows more interest in psychology
- uses rhyme, syllabic rhythm, andassonance
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