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设计性研究
研究者将教育方法设计付诸实践,看其效果,找缺陷,并改进设计的研究方法。
学习的实质
学习是多种尝试后形成的刺激反应连结,是盲目尝试错误的渐进过程。
特点:试误渐进、盲目、解决问题唯一手段。
桑代克四类:........
学习的规律(桑代克)
1. 准备律:学习开始时的预备定式。
2. 练习律:已建立的连结,练习越多,学习效果越好。
3. 效果律:奖励能增强连结,而惩罚减弱。赏强于罚。
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