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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Describe pathophysiology of COPD
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Persistent airway inflammation via
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Describe briefly in a diagram pathology of COPD showing role of anti-oxidants and antiproteinases
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....... Draw
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Describe the role of the most important inflamm. mediators/cells in COPD... which one releases protease elastase, cathepsins and MMPs?
What does elastase digest in the lungs? Which glycopeptide helps to counteract its destructive effect? does the deficiency lead to ? manifested in which type of COPD? What |
..... recall the drawing and explain
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Main effects of destruction of alveoli on body?
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hypercapnia, hypoxia and respiratort acidosis.. can lead to chronic polycythaemia, right heart failure and Co2 retention
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*Compare and contrast signs of chronic bronchitis vs emphysema.. hint: start with CB similarity to asthma and build up from there for emphysema
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Clinical Presentation
Chronic Bronchitis-like |
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Stages of COPD
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More intensive pulmonary
rehab SOB at rest, physical signs (eg hyperinflation and cyanosis), wheeze, cough, large impact on QOL& health care expenditure Stage 3 (severe) ~ < 40% β-agonist Antimuscarinic ICS (if proven benefit) Maybe theophylline Education program SOB (esp on exertion), cough (+ sputum) impact on QOL, large health care expenditure Stage 2 (moderate) ~ 40 – 60% vaccinations ‘prn’ β-agonist bronchodilator Smokers cough, little SOB, no abnormal signs Stage 1 (mild) ~ 60-80% Normal |
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Treatments in COPD
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discuss : Bronchodilators- difference in efficacy, considerations in ICS- best combination available and why, Theophylline efficacy here despite SEs, mucolytics and other physical approaches to clear mucus, and treatment approach for stage 4 severe COPD <40 5 FEV... and the available evidence and main purpose for them.
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Exacerbation signs to look for and implementing the COPd action plan
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Increased dyspnoea, tachypnoea, cough, sputum /
purulence of sputum, decreased exercise tolerance |
