Controlling Microbial Growth In The Body

Front 1

Drugs

Back 1

chemicals that affect physiology

Front 2

Chemotherapeutic Agents

Back 2

Drugs that act against diseases; includes antibiotics designed to treat infections

Front 3

Most Antimicrobial Agents come from

Back 3

Metabolites produced by fungi and bacteria

Front 4

Salvarsan (Arsphenamine)

Back 4

1910 Paul Ehrlich - first chemotherapeutic agent; used to treat syphilis

Front 5

Penecilin

Back 5

1929 Alexander Fleming - produced by penecillium mold not used till 1940's

Front 6

Sulfanilmide

Back 6

1932 - Gerhard Domagk first widely available antimicrobial agent that inhibits metabolic synthesis of DNA and RNA nucleotides

Front 7

Key factor in effective antimicrobial action in the body is?

Back 7

Selective Toxicity - kill the pathogen but not the host.

Front 8

Beta-Lactams

Back 8

prevents cross linkage of NAM subunits by binding to enzymes that cross-link. Cause weak cell walls and cell to lyse.

Front 9

Cell wall inhibitors

Back 9

prevent bacteria from crosslinking NAM subunits in newly deposited cell wall material (effective only for growing cells) such as penicillin

Front 10

Semisynthetic derivatives of Betalactams

Back 10

more stable in acidic environments, more readily absorbed, less susceptible to deactivation, active against more bacteria

Front 11

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors

Back 11

Drugs take advantage of eukaryotic and prokaryotic ribosome size difference by targeting and inhibiting translation

Front 12

Protein Synthesis Inhibitors Include:

Back 12

aminoglycosides (streptomycin), tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolides (erythromycin)

Front 13

Cytoplasmic Membrane Disruption

Back 13

Some drugs become incorporated into the cytoplasmic membrane and damage its integrity

Front 14

Amphoteracin B

Back 14

Antifungal agent that attaches to egresterol found in fungal membranes

Front 15

Antimetabolic Agents

Back 15

Drugs that target differences of metabolic processes of pathogen and host

Front 16

Sulfa Drugs

Back 16

inhibit metabolic pathways used for biosynthesis of DNA and RNA nucleotides

Front 17

Administration of drugs

Back 17

Intravenous achieves highest level of drug in body and is fastest (through bloodstream or catheter)

Front 18

Bacteria acquire drug resistance in two ways:

Back 18

spontaneous mutations of chromosomal genes and acquisition of antibiotic resistant plasmids via transformation, transduction, and conjugation

Front 19

Bacterial resistance mechanisms

Back 19

Beta Lactamase enzyme, conugation, change metabolic chemistry, change cell wall/membrane, Drug pumps

Front 20

Methods to delay resistance

Back 20

high concentrations, long enough time, kill sensitive cells, use drugs in combination.