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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Energy balance is mainly regulated through the control of food intake affected by what? |
Hunger, appetite, satiation, satiety |
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what is the main component part of the brain that controls food intake? |
Hypothalamus in ARC, not protected by BBB so hormones can get into the brain |
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NPY AgRP (ARC) |
Stimulates orexigenic neurons -> inhibit anoregenic neurones (PVN) -> stimulate food intake |
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POMC CART (ARC) |
Stimulates anoregenic neurones (PVN) -> inhibit orexigenic neurones -> inhibit food intake |
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POMC |
undergoes posttranslational modification to generate melanocortin to act on MC4R |
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AgRP |
endogenous antagonist on MC4R |
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Inhibition of food intake |
CCK, insulin, PYY, Leptin, |
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Stimulation of food intake |
Ghrelin, leptin |
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Leptin, where is it secreted |
peptide hormone, from adipose tissue correlate with amount of adipose tissue |
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Function of leptin |
transport to brain -> inhibit NPY AgRP release -> activate POMC CART -> switch from appetite stimulation -> suppression decrease food intake But less food intake -> decrease lv of leptin Can be reverse by feeding or insulin
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Mutation/absence of leptin Leptin resistance |
severe obesity Obese people: high lv of leptin |
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Insulin |
From pancrease Decrease as energy intake is negative, increase when energy intake is positive cross BBB through receptor-mediated process Decrease intake, body weight -> act on ARC Resistance -> decrease appetite control -> gain wright |
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Ghrelin |
From GIT secrete on anticipation of food -> huger at certain times of the day Peak lv before meals act on NPY AgRP -> stimulate food intake Ghrelin antagonist -> treatment for obesity |
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PYY |
from distal GIT, dependent on food intake stimulate CCK, gastric acid, bile PYY 1-36 cleaved to form PYY 3-36 -> acts on NPY Y2 -> inhibit food intake Level stays for 12hrs |
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CCK |
from duodenum, jejunum in response to FA Act of receptors on vagal nerves, cross BBB -> inhibit food intake |
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Reward centres |
linked with reward processes in the brain eg opioid receptors, cannabinoid receptors, dopamine Reinforce of motivation -> find and consume food of high energy |
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Dopamine and reward centre |
feeding asso.with dopamine release on dorsal stratum Degree of pleasure correlates with amount of dopamine released Decrease dopamin receptor in obese patient -> decrease food intake |
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Bupropion |
dopamine re-uptake receptor inhibitors, high lv of dopamine in the synapse -> prolonged activation of dopamine receptors |
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Maintain for 12hrs |
PYY |
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secrete by adipose tissue -> correlate to amount of adipose tissue |
Leptin |
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High level (peak) before meal |
Ghrelin |
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Decrease food intake, but if low food intake, lead to low level -> starvation feeling -> eat more |
Leptin |
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secrete from GIT, on anticipation of food |
Ghrelin |
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Secrete from pancreases, increase when energy is positive, decrease when energy is negative |
Insulin |
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Secrete from distal GIT, stimulate CCK, bile, gastric acid |
PYY |
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Act on PYY Y2 receptor |
PYY |
