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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Label the parts of the diagram. |
[left to right] - inferior vena cava - right kidney - right renal artery - right renal vein - right ureter - urethra - bladder - left ureter - left renal artery - left renal vein - left kidney - aorta |
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what is osmoregulation? |
- homeostatic control of the water potential of the blood |
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Label the parts of the diagram. |
[left to right] - renal cortex - renal medulla - renal pyramid - renal capsule - ureter - renal vein - renal pelvis - renal artery - nephron |
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What is the fibrous capsule of the kidney? |
- outer membrane - protects kidney |
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What is the cortex of the kidney? |
- lighter outer region made of renal (Bowman's) capsules, convoluted tubules and blood vessels |
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What is the medulla of the kidney? |
- dark inner region made of loops of Henle, collecting ducts and blood vessels - carries filtered waste to centre of kidney |
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What is the renal pelvis of the kidney? |
- funnel-shaped cavity where collecting ducts come together - channels urine into ureter |
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What is the ureter of the kidney? |
- tube carrying urine to the bladder |
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What is the renal artery of the kidney? |
- supplies kidney with blood from the heart via the aorta |
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What is the renal vein of the kidney? |
- returns blood to the heart via the vena cava |
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What is the nephron? |
- functional unit of the kidney - found in the renal cortex/medulla (tiny tubules) - narrow tube (14mm long), one end closed, 2 twists regions separated by long hairpin loop |
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Label the parts of the diagram. |
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What is the renal (Bowman's) capsule of the nephron? |
- closed end at start of nephron - surrounds mass of blood capillaries (glomerulus) - cup-shaped - inner layer made of specialised cells=podocytes |
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What is the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of the nephron? |
- series of loops surrounded by blood capillaries - walls=epithelial with microvilli |
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What is the loop of Henle of the nephron? |
- long, hairpin loop extends from cortex to medulla and back - surrounded by blood capillaries |
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What is the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) of the nephron? |
- series of loops surrounded by blood capillaries - walls=epithelial - fewer capillaries than proximal convoluted tubule |
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What is the collecting duct of the nephron? |
- tube where many distal convoluted tubules empty - lined with epithelial - increasingly wide as it empties to the renal pelvis |
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What are the blood vessels associated with the nephron? |
- afferent arteriole - blood capillaries - glomerulus - efferent arteriole |
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What is the afferent arteriole? |
- tiny vessel coming from renal artery - supplies nephron with blood - enters the renal (Bowman's) capsule to form the glomerulus |
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What is the glomerulus? |
- many-branched knot of capillaries where fluid is forced out of the blood - recombine to form efferent arteriole |
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What is the efferent arteriole? |
- tiny vessel leaving renal (Bowman's) capsule - smaller diameter vs afferent=increase blood pressure in glomerulus - carries blood away from renal capsule - branches into blood capillaries |
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What are the blood capillaries? |
- concentrated network - surrounds proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule - merge to venule, then renal vein |
