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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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adolescent egocentrism
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a characteristic of adolescent thinking that leads young people ages 10-14 to focus on themselves to the exclustion of other's.
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personal fable
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An aspect of adolescent egocentrism characterized by an adolescent's belief that his or her thoughts, feelings, or experience3s are unique, more wonderful or awful than anyone else's.
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invincibility fable
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n adolescent's egocentric conviction that he or she cannot be overcome or even harmed by anything that might defeat a normal mortal, such as unprotected sex, drug abuse, or high-speed driving.
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imaginary audience
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that other people who, in an adolescenht's egocentric belief, are watching and taking note of his or her appearance, ideas, and behavior. This belief makes many teenagers self-conscious.
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hypothetical thought
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reasoning that includes propositions and possiblities that may not reflect reality.
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deductive reasoning
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reasoning from a general statement, premise, or principle, though logical steps, to fiqure out deduce specifics, sometimes call top down reasoning
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inductive reasoning
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reasoning from on or more specific exsperiences or facts to a general conclusion, may be less cognitively advanced than deduction. sometimes coalled bottom up reasoning.
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dual process model
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The notion that two networks exist within the human brain, one for emotinal and one for analytical processing of stimuli.
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Intuitive thought
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thought that arises form an emotion or a hunch, beyond rational explanation, and is influenced by past experiences and clutural assumptions.
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analytic thought
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thought that reesults from analysis, such as a sytyematic ranking of pros and cons, risks and consequences, possibilities and fact. Analytic thought depends on logic and rationality.
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Key Points
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Adolescent brain development is uneven, with growth of the limbic system outpacing advances in the prefrontal cortex. This imbalance may result in emotional impulses that are poorly moderated by reflection.
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Key Points
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thinking reacdhes heightened self sonsciousmenss at puberty, when adolescent egocentrism includes personal fabes, feelings o invincibility and imaginary audiences,
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key point
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Piaget's forth and final stage of intelligence, formal operational thought, is characterized by abstract reasoning, dedctive logic, and hypothetical thinking,
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Key point
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the brain's dual-processing networks cause people to use analytical thinkgin sometimes and quick, intuitive reasoning at other times.
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secondary education
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the period after primary education elementary or grade school and before tertiary education college. it usually occurs from 12-, although the age range varies somewhat by school and by nation.
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middle school
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school for children in the grades between elementary and high school middle school usually begins with grade 5 or 6 and ends with grade 8
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digital divide
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the gap between students who have access to computers and those who do not, often a gap between rich and poor. In the US and most developed nations, this gap has now been bridged due to the prevalence of computers in schools.
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CyberbBullying`
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Bullying that occurs via internet insults and rumors, texting, anonymous phone calls, and video embarrassment.
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High-stakes test
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an evaluation that is critical in determining success or failure. A single test that determines whether a student will gradutate or be promoted is a high-stated test
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Key Points
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middle schools tend to be less personal, less flexible, and more tightly regulated than elementary shcools, all of which may contribute to declining student achievement.
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Key Points
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transitions, such as the move into middle school, are difficult for children expecially when they are also coping with the demands of pub erty and the self-centere3dness of egocentrism
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Key Point
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electronic technology can imporve learning and aid in the social interactions of studens, which benefits their understandind. Cyberbullying and other destructive useds of the internet are among the drawbacks.
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Key Point
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High School education can advance both analytic and intuitive thinkging, but some students are disengaged and many leave without graduating.
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