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10 Cards in this Set
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Weimar Republic
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Germany’s new parliamentary government established as successor to the German Empire in November 1918. This government was proclaimed at the moment of Germany’s defeat in World War I. It was most known for dealing with the problems of hyperinflation and accepting the “war guilt clause” for Germany at Versailles, which made the nation responsible for all reparations for World War 1. It ended in 1933.
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Beer Hall Putsch
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This was Hitler’s very first attempt to seize power. It was a revolution led by Adolf Hitler along with 3,000 SA and Nazi members in Munich in November 1923. This event was a failed attempt, especially since Hitler was arrested. The primary reasons that caused Hitler to try such an attempt were due to Germany’s economic postwar troubles and the instability of the Weimar Republic.
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Mein Kampf
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An autobiography written by Adolf Hitler while he was in prison. The title translates to “My Struggle.” Hitler wrote this book in order to voice his opinion primarily about the failure of the German parliamentary government, and the “need” of a national revival which would uphold the concept of German cultural and racial superiority. He also discussed his belief in a global Jewish-Bolshevik conspiracy.
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Treaty of Versailles
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This was peace settlement that geared toward addressing post-World War 1 issues and establishing a stable, international peace. This officially signaled the end of World War 1 and was led by the “Big Four” – President Woodrow Wilson (U.S.), Prime Minister David Lloyd George (Great Brit.), George Clemenceau (France), and Count Vittorio Orlando (Italy). The Treaty required Germany to accept full responsibility for the “loss and damage” resulted from the war, and to account for those damages (through war debt and giving up land).
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Night of the Long Knives
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Ernst Rohm and SA leaders were killed by SS units due to the order of Adolf Hitler on June 30, 1934. This event occurred due to Hitler’s view of Rohm and the SA radicals as potential threats to his complete reign of power. Hitler ordered this event as a display of his new established, political reign with the recent passing of the Enabling Acts.
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Benito Mussolini
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The founder of the National Fascist Party in Italy. He was the son of a socialist father and a Catholic mother. He initially was enthusiastic about socialism. But after fighting in World War 1, he began to believe that there was a need for dictatorship. The mission of the Fascist Party was to emphasize action, violence, and military virtues in respect to the national cause – a call for a “rejuvenated Italy.”
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Krystallnacht
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This event was referred to as “The Night of Broken Glass” in November 1938. During public outrage, a Jew murdered a German diplomat in Paris. As a result, Hitler along with SS and SA men attacked Jews and burned over 11,000 synagogues. Hitler’s focus was to force Jews to emigrate with the pursuit of “racial purity” for Germany.
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“New” Imperialism
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A large effort made by European powers beginning in 1870 to establish or expand colonial holdings in foreign territories. Western civilization – marked by methods of production and manufacturing, wage labor, market economies, political structure, military order and technology – was imposed unto these territories. It was an overall effort to compete for markets, resources, extend military power, and extend the “proper kind” of civilization because the foreign territories were biologically inferior.
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Pu-Yi
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A young boy who became Emperor of China, after the death of Emperor Kuang-su and the Empress Tzuhsi in 1908. He was widely recognized as the last Emperor of China, until he abdicated his position to army commander Yuan Shih-k’ai. He was later made the made the puppet ruler of Manchukuo.
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Sun Yat-Sen
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He is best known as the founder of the Chinese Republic in 1912 and for formulating the “Three Principles of the People.” His political philosophy focused primarily on democracy, nationalism, and the welfare of the people. He was also known as the founder of the Kuomintang (the Chinese Nationalist Party). He did not get the chance to see his party exercise control over the entire nation and eventually had to form an alliance with the Communists to fight against warlords.
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