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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atomic Theory
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Dalton
All matter is composed of tiny particles called ATOMS |
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Chemistry
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The science that seeks to understand what matter does by studying what atoms and molecules do
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Experiment
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A procedure that make use of observable predictions to test a theory.
Tests the hypothesis Generates observations or facts that can be used to generate another hypothesis or modify the current one. |
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Hypothesis
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A theory before it has become well established.
A tentative explanation for an observation or scientific problem that can be tested for further investigation. A tentative explanation that is consistent with the observations. A question or problem the researcher wants to solve. |
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Law of Conservation of Mass
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In a chemical reaction matter is neither created nor destroyed.
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Observation
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The first step in the scientific method.
An observation must measure or describe something about the physical world. |
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Scientific Law
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A statement that summaries past observations and predicts future ones.
Usually formulated from a series of related observations. A generalization of what happens in the scientific system being studied. Can be modified based upon new facts. |
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Theory
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A proposed explanation for observations and laws.
A theory presents a model for the way nature works and predicts behavior that extends well beyond the observations and laws from which it was formed. Attempts to explain why something happens. Similiar to a hypotheis except that it has much more evidence to support it. Prediction Much more complex and dynamic Explains an entire group or phenonomin Generally felt to be true by scientists but always tweaked A car is a complex theory made up of many different hypothesis tested over time. A single hypothesis can change without disrupting the whole theory. |
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Why do chemists want to understand matter?
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1. Curious --they want to know why.
2. Practical -- they want to understand matter so that they can control it and produce substances that are useful |
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Scientific Method
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Makes use of observations, hypotheses, laws, theories, and experiments.
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What is the difference between laws and theories?
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Laws summarize the result sof a large number of observations: Law of Gravity, Law of conservation of matter
Theories are models that explain and give the underlying cause for observations and laws: Theory of evolution, big bang theory |
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What do hypotheses, laws, and theories have in common?
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all are tested and validated by experiment. If they are not confirmed, they must be revised and tested through further experiments.
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Why does soda fizz?
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Due to the interaction between carbon dioxide and water under high pressures. At room temperature carbon dioxide is a gas and water is a liquid. Pressure forces the carbon dioxide gas to dissolve in the water. When the can is opened, the pressure is released and the carbon dioxide molecules escape in bubbles of gas.
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What do chemists do? How do they understand the natural world?
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Chemists study molecules and interactions at the molecular level to learn about and explain macroscopic events. Why ordinary things are as they are.
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What is Chemistry?
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The science that seeks to understand what matter does by studying what atoms and molecules do.
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Explain the Scientific Method
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The Scientific method is the way chemists investigate the chemical world.
1. Observe 2. Observations can be combined into laws (summarizes and predicts future behavior) 3. Theories are models that strive to explain the cuase of the observed phenonemon, tested through experiments. |
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What is wrong with "It's just a theory?"
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Makes it seem as if theories are easily discarded. However, many theories are very well establised and are as close to truth as we get in science. Established theories are backed up with years of experimental evidence, and they are the pinnacle of scientific understanding.
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What is the atomic theory and who formulated it?
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All matter is composed of small, indestructable particles called atoms. John Dalton formulated this theory.
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