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101 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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group of two or more persons related by blood, marriage, or adoption who reside together
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family
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immediate group of father, mother, and children living together
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nuclear family
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nuclear family plus other relatives, such as grandparents, uncles and aunts, cousins, and in laws
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extended family
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family into which one is born
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family of orientation
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family established by marriage
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family of procreation
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all the persons, both related and unreleated who occupy a housing unit
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household
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emotional bonding that family members have toward one another
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cohesion
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ability of a marital or family system to change its power structure, role relationships, and relationship rules in response to situational and developmental stress
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family adaptability
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empathy, reflective listening, making supportive comments
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positive communication skills
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communication in a family that is detrimental to its choesion and adaptability
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negative communication skills
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family members provide information to other members about a product or service
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influencers
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family members who control the flow of information about a product or service into the family
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gatekeepers
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family members with the power to determine unilaterally or jointly whether to shop for, purchase, use, consume, or dispose of a specific product or service
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deciders
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family members who make the actual purchase of a particular product or service
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buyers
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family members who transform the product into a form suitable for consumption by other family members
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preparers
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family members who use or consume a particular product or service
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users
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family members who service or repair the product so that it will provide continued satisfaction
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maintainers
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family members who initiate or carry out the disposal or discontinuation of a particular product or service
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disposers
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exists when an equal number of decisions are made by each spouse
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autonomic
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roles exist when most decisions are made jointly by both spouses
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syncratic (joint)
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partner who comes into the marriage with more resources and maintaines more resources will have power
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resource theory
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says that traditional versus modern views regarding sex roles and who should have power (man v woman) will dictate who has more decision making power
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ideology theory
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the partner who is more involved will have more decision making power
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involvement
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the partner who is least interested in the other partner and in maintaining the relationship will have more decision making power
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least interested partner theory
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general value system stressing equality
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egalitarianism
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extent to which a spouse feels as if he or she were a participant in the sensations and feelings of the other spouse
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empathy
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mutually agreed upon, culturally recommended, or socially acceptable right to decide that is assigned to one spouse
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recognized authority
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stages of family life cycle are based on
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age of partners
marital status employment stats of head of house absence/presence of children |
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may live alone, or with someone, spend as much as they make
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young singles
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two income family, spend a substantial amount of income no children
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newly married couples
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arrival of first child, decline in income
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Full Nest I
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youngest has reached school age, income has improved, discount stores are utilized
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Full Nest II
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mid 40's, income continues to improve, replaces worn items in house
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Full Nest III
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more disposable income, dual wage earners
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married, no kids
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singles 40 or older, (single again, or death of spouse), struggling financially,
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older singles
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satisfied with financial position, children have left home allowing more savings,
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empty nest I
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income earners have retired, reduction of income, may keep working part time
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empty nest II
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surviving spouse, may be employed or not
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solitary survivor
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same general consumption pattern of solitary survivor, however income not as high
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retired solitary survivor
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children who come home to a locked and empty home
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latchkey kids
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grown, adult children who continue to live or return to their parents home to live
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boomerang children
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individuals are parents who simultaneously support both their parents and children
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sandwich generation
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in this household, teens often assume role of pseuoadults and acquire responsibilities, low income or huge decrease in income
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single parenthood
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an aggregate of people who have undergone similar experiences and share common memories
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cohort
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born between 1928-1945 save and spend
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postwar
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1946-1954 spend, borrow, and live beyond means
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Boomers I
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1955-1965 self absorbed, pursuing personal goals and instant gratification
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Boomers II
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1965-1976 grew up with computers, antihype
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generation X
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1977-1994 idealistic, socially concious, individualistic, anti corporate, speak minds, spend far more time with electronics than homeowrk or solo reading
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generation Y
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1995-2008 children of older and wealthier parents with fewer siblings
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generation Z
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electronically sophisticated consumers. image conscious, upscale, either innovators or early adopters of high tech products
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techno savvies
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consumer behavior is ______ behavior
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learned
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process by which experience leads to change in knowlege, attitudes, and/or behavior
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learning
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this type of learning is reflected by changes in knowledge
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cognitive learning
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two determinants of cognitive learning
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rehearsal
elaboration |
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the mental repetition of info; the recycling of information though short term memory
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rehearsal
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the amount of integration between the stimulus and existing knowledge that occurs when a stimulus is processed
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elaboration
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elaboration depends on two factors ______ & ______
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motivation
ability |
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increases as the motivation to learn increases
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motivation
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the higher the consumers ______ to elaborate, the higher the degree of elaboration
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ability
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Two major schools of learning ______ & ______
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cognitive
behavioral |
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solely concerned with observable behaviors
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behavioral learning
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two major types of behavioral learning
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classical conditioning
operant conditioning |
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"father" of classical conditioning
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Pavlov
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Stimilus -----> Response
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classical conditioning
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4 items that go into classical conditioning
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Unconditioned Stimulus (US)
Unconditioned Response (UR) Conditioned Stimulus (CS) Conditioned Response (CR) |
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5 major determinants of classical conditioning
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US Strength (stronger)
Number of Pairings (15) CS-US Order (Forward) Familiarity (prior experience) Elaboration (uninvolved) |
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states that stronger associations are learned when stimuli (Both US and CS) occur close together in time as opposed to far apart in time
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Temporal Contiguity Theory
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when the conditioned stimulus no longer evokes the conditioned response
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extinction
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occurs when, for a existing stimulus response relationship, a new stimulus that is very similar to the existing one elicits the same response
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generalization
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occurs when an individual learns to emit a response to one stimulus, but avoids making the same response to a similar stimulus
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discrimination
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Behavior -----> Stimulus
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operant conditioning
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concerned with how the consequences of a behavior will affect the frequency or probability of the behavior being performed again
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operant conditioning
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three forms of operant conditioning
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positive reinforcement
negative reinforcement punishment |
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Stimuli --> Behavior --> Presentation of Positive Stimulus -->Positive Reinforcement
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Positive Reinforcement
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Stimuli --> Behavior --> Removal of Aversive Stimulus --> Negative Reinforcement
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Negative Reinforcement
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reinforcement of successive approximations of a desired behavior pattern or of behaviors that must be performed before the desired response can be emitted
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shaping
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Stimuli --> Behavior --> Presentation of an Aversive Stimulus --> Punishment
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Punishment
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observe others actions and their consequences
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Vicarious learning
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can be stored in memory on both verbal and pictorial dimensions
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dual code
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reason for behavior
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motivation
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inner force that stimulates a rational or emotional response
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motive
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carefully consider all alternatives and choose those that give them the greatest use or utility
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rational motives
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selection of goals according to personal or subjective criteria (pride, fear, affection, status)
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emotional motives
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desired end state
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goal
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degree of arousal
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drive
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manifestation of a need
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want
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objective and functional
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utilitarian
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relates to sensory pleasures, esthetic considerations, importance of symbolism, and tends to be subjective
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hedonic
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lower level
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subordinate
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upper level goals
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super ordinate
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facts regarding motivation
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1 needs are never fully satisfied
2 new needs emerge as old ones are satisfied 3 success and failure influence goals 4 substitue goals 5 frustration occurs when individuals cannot achieve a goal 6 multiplicity of needs 7 arousal of motives |
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this theory posits that the experience of an emotion depends on two factors
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Schachter's Two Factor Theory
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two factors in Schachter's Two Factor Theory
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1 Autonomic arousal
2 Cognitive interpretation or meaning analysis |
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Maslow's 5 ares of needs
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Physiological
Safety Belongingness Esteem Self Actualization |
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McGuires Psychological Motives two primary criteria
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Cognitive
Affective |
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Four major categories of motives according to McGuire
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Cognitive Preservation
Cognitive Growth Motives Affective Preservation Motives Affective Growth Motives |
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Cognitive preservation
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Need for Consistency
Need for Attribution Need to Categorize Need for Objectification |
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Cognitive Growth Motives
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Need for Stimulation
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Affective Preservation Motives
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Need for tension reduction
need for expression need for ego defense need for reinforcement |
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Affective Growth Motives
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need for assertion
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