Conservations Of Natural Resources

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lithospheric plates

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huge sheets embedded in non-rigid asthensphere, shift slowly acros earth's surface

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plate tectonics

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earth's crust shifts slowly, moving continents and reshaping ocean basins

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continental drit

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movemen of landmass to their current position via plate tectnonics

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minerals

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inorganic substance that has constant chemical composition and crystal structure

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rock

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collection of minerals

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gem

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rock of single mineral formed deep where no impurities are present
- ex: diamonds are pure carbon

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ore deposits

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minerals are concentrated in hih amounts of geologic process

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weathering

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chemical and mechanical decomposition of rock

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mineral resources

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can be extracted to obtain usable commodity

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reserves

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known deposits which materials can be extracted w/ existing technology and under legal conditions

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stone

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rocks thatare mined orcollected for use in industries w/o changing their chemical or physical chara. except sizing and shaping

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open pi mining

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removal of materials like stone, gravel, by digging them out of the earth's surface and leaving a large pit

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surface mining

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removal of vegetation and soil and extracting a mineral deposit found close to earth's surface

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strip mining

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cutting deep trenches on flat terrain, or cutting series of shelves on the side of a hill to remove minerals

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aquaculture

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production of food from aquatic habitats

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mariculture

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production of food from ocean habitats

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agroecosystems

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ecosystem created by agriculture

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ecosystem

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organisms and their environment

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monocultue

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planting of large areas w/ a single species in farming

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crop rotation

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differnet crops planted in same field w/ field left crop free or a coveer crop is grown

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genetic engineering

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altering genes for producing new organisms or to eliminate charac. in organisms

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biotechnology

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using genetic engineering techniques so researchers can introdcue new genes in food crops and animals

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hybrid

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offspring of dissimilar parens especially ones prodcued by breeding plants or animals of different species

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GMC

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crops modified by genetic engineering to produce higher crop yeilds and increase resistences to drought

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soil

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thing part of earths surface that has mineral and organic matter formed as a result of action of processes on rocks

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weathering

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breakdown of rock du to exposure of rock to atmosphere and water

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humus

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dark soil materil composed of decayed organisms; end prodcut of plant decompositiong

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leaching

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carrying downward of nutrients beyond plant roots; needed for plant growth

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erosion

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detachment and removal of soil by water, wind, gravity

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rainsplash erosion

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collision of a raindrop w/ ground blasting particles shifting them a fraction of an inch laterally or downslope

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sheet erosion

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transportatio of material that is loosened by splash erosion and accomplished by wter flowing across surface as thin sheet

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rill erosion

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concentrated flow of wate that loosens additional material and causes parallel flows on a slope

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gully erosion

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overland flow that erodes conspicous channels in soil

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contour plowing

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plwoing across a slope rather than up and down

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strip-farming

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planting diff. species of crops in alternating strips along land contours

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terracing

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shaping land to create level shelves of eart to hold water and soil; needs expensive machinery; farm steep hillsides

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shelterbelt/windbreak

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rows of trees arranged at right angles to deminsh the wind on crop land

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minimum till

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use of chiselplow that slices a trench where seeds are planted rather than usinga plow

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conservatin till

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us of disc that slices the soil just wide enough to insert seed

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no till

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plow not used but planter slices a slot or punches hole in soil for seeds

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waterlogging

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saturationg of root zone

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salinizating

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after effect of irrigating land w/ poor drainage

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drip irrigation

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irrigation by use of water to soil from tubes that driop water slowly reducing loss of water

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pest

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organism that reduces value of resources useful to humans