Conservation Biology Final: Coral Reefs

Front 1

What is the largest coral reef and where is it found?

Back 1

Great Barrier Reef in Australia

Front 2

What is the second largest coral reef and where is it found?

Back 2

Coast of Belize in Central America

Front 3

Two places where some other coral reefs are found

Back 3

Hawaii, Red Sea

Front 4

Development of coral reefs is aided by algae that are symbiotic with reef-building corals called _____.

Back 4

Zooxanthellae

Front 5

______ produce the nutrients corals need, and corals provide them with ____ and ____.

Back 5

Zooxanthellae, protection, access to light

Front 6

Coral reefs grow in what direction?

Back 6

Upward and seaward

Front 7

Coral reefs have a great diversity of fish and invertebrates because ____.
Hint: compare to rainforest

Back 7

There are alternating areas of sun and shade

Front 8

Pollution damages coral reefs because ...

Back 8

It causes the water to become foggy, preventing light from passing through.

Front 9

Deep water corals are also called ____.

Back 9

Cold water corals

Front 10

_____ corals do not form reefs like those in tropical waters. Instead they form ____.

Back 10

Small, spread out colonies

Front 11

Deep water corals are found in waters above __ meters deep and between __ and __ degrees C.

Back 11

70 m
23-29 Degrees

Front 12

Deep water corals also live near the abyss where temperatures can reach __ C.

Back 12

4 Degrees

Front 13

Deep water corals are ____ feeders, consuming ____ and ____ carried by deep sea currents.

Back 13

Suspension
Plankton
Organic Detritus

Front 14

External factors ___ the pH of water and can harm corals

Back 14

Raise

Front 15

Some activities which harm coral:

Back 15

-Oil, gas and mineral exploration and extraction
-Submarine cables and pipelines

Front 16

Zooxanthellae help coral harvest ____, which allows the coral to meet its ____ and ____ needs.

Back 16

Light
Carbon
Energy

Front 17

Zooxanthellae live off the ____ that grow on the coral.

Back 17

Algae

Front 18

Coral have ____ capped tentacles to capture _____ organisms.

Back 18

Nematocyst
Planktonic

Front 19

Zooxanthellae also offer the coral protection from _____ toxicity. Higher temperatures have affected _____ that allow this protection.

Back 19

Oxygen
Enzymes

Front 20

Types of Corals:
This coral has a lot of branches

Back 20

Branching Coral

Front 21

Types of Corals:
This coral has a broad horizontal surface, and therefore gets lots of sunlight

Back 21

Table Corals

Front 22

Types of Corals:
Look like fingers sticking upward. These do not have secondary branches.

Back 22

Pillar Corals

Front 23

Types of Corals:
Look like flowers or petals

Back 23

Foliase (Cabbage) Coral

Front 24

Types of Corals:
Resembles a crust on a rocky surface. These are strong and can withstand violent storms.

Back 24

Encrusting Corals

Front 25

Types of Corals:
Very large and shaped like boulders

Back 25

Massive Corals

Front 26

Types of Corals:
Looks like domes, free swimming and does not attach to anything.

Back 26

Mushroom Corals

Front 27

Types of Corals:
Contains many ridges which small animals may live between.

Back 27

Brain Coral

Front 28

According to the powerpoints, divers can destroy coral reefs by _____ or using ____ (kills 90% of the fish).

Back 28

Blowing them up
Cyanide

Front 29

_____ give color to coral reefs.

Back 29

Zooxanthellae

Front 30

Causes of Bleaching of reefs include:

Back 30

Freshwater runoff
High temperatures

Front 31

An algae called ______ __ _______ has been found in some shallow water coral reefs, and exhibits resistance to higher temperatures.

Back 31

Clyde A Symbiodinium

Front 32

CRCA stands for....

Back 32

Coral Reef Conservation Act

Front 33

Law that recognizes the importance of coral reefs and establishes the National Program and Coral Reef Action Strategy to monitor the status of US coral reefs.

Back 33

Coral Reef Conservation Act (CRCA)

Front 34

The CRCA was issued in the year ____.

Back 34

2000

Front 35

Provides guidelines for management of all US commercial fisheries, created eight regional fishery management councils, required foreigners to apply for permits to fish in the US.

Back 35

Magnuson-Steven Fishery Conservation and Management Act. (MSA)

Front 36

Prohibits any action which harasses, injures, captures or kills marine mammals. Established the marine mammal commission.

Back 36

MMPA- Marine Mammal Protection Act

Front 37

Enacted in 1972 with the purpose of designating important marine environments as sanctuaries. There are currently 13, six of which were created after 1990.

Back 37

National Marine Sanctuary Act (NMSA)