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31 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Consciousness

our immediate awareness of our internal and external states

Preconsciousness

level of awareness in which information can become readily available to consciousness if necessary

Unconscious State

state in which information is not easily accessible to conscious awareness

Implicit Memory

knowledge that we have storied in memory that we are not typically aware of or able to recall at will

Hypnosis

a seemingly altered state of consciousness during which individuals can be directed to act or experience the world in unusual ways

Dissociation

a splitting of consciousness into two dimensions

Meditation

technique designed to turn one's consciousness away from the outer world toward one's inner cues and awareness

Adaptive Theory of Sleep

theory that organisms sleep for the purpose of self preservation to keep away from predators that are more active at night

Restorative Theory of Sleep

theory that we sleep in order to allow the brain and body to restore certain depleted chemical resources and eliminate chemical wastes that have accumulated during the waking day

Circadian Rhythm

pattern of sleep-wake cycles that in human beings roughly corresponds to periods of daylight and night

Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN)

small group of neurone in the hypothalamus responsible for coordinating the many rhythms of the body

Hypnagogic State

a pre sleep period often characterized by vivid sensory phenomena

Sleep Spindles

bursts of brain activity lasting a second or two; occur during Stage 2 sleep

Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM)

stage of sleep associated with rapid and jagged brain-wave patterns, increased heart rate, rapid and irregular breathing, rapid eye movements and dreaming

nonREM sleep (NREM)

Stages 1 through 4 of normal sleep pattern

Information-Processing Theory

hypothesis that dreams are the mind's attempt to sort out and organize the day's experiences and to fix them in memory

Activation-Synthesis Model

theory that dreams result from the brain's attempts to synthesize or organize random internally generated signals and give them meaning

Lucid Dreams

dreams in which the sleeper fully recognizes that he or she is dreaming, and occasionally actively guides the outcome of the dream

Insomnia

sleep disorder characterized by a regular inability to fall asleep or stay asleep

Psychoactive Drugs

chemicals that affect awareness, behaviour, sensation, perception or mood

Addiction

psychological or physical compulsion to take a drug, resulting from regular ingestion and leading to maladaptive patterns of behaviour and changes in physical response

Tolerance

mark of physical dependance on drug, in which person is required to take incrementally larger doses of the drug to achieve the same effect

Withdrawl Symptoms

unpleasant and sometimes dangerous side effects of reducing intake of a drug after a person has become addicted

Depressants

class of drugs that slow the activity of the central nervous system

Alcoholism

long-term pattern of alcohol addiction

Opioids

class of drugs derived from the sap of the opium poppy

Endorphins

neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and reduce emotional tension

Stimulants

substances that increase the activity of the central nervous system

Hallucinogens

substances that dramatically change one's state of awareness, causing powerful changes in sensory perception

Reward Learning Theory

brain circuitry that is important for learning about rewarding stimuli

Reward-Deficiency Syndrome

theory that people abuse drugs because their reward centre is not readily activated by usual events