Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Consciousness |
our immediate awareness of our internal and external states |
|
Preconsciousness |
level of awareness in which information can become readily available to consciousness if necessary |
|
Unconscious State |
state in which information is not easily accessible to conscious awareness |
|
Implicit Memory |
knowledge that we have storied in memory that we are not typically aware of or able to recall at will |
|
Hypnosis |
a seemingly altered state of consciousness during which individuals can be directed to act or experience the world in unusual ways |
|
Dissociation |
a splitting of consciousness into two dimensions |
|
Meditation |
technique designed to turn one's consciousness away from the outer world toward one's inner cues and awareness |
|
Adaptive Theory of Sleep |
theory that organisms sleep for the purpose of self preservation to keep away from predators that are more active at night |
|
Restorative Theory of Sleep |
theory that we sleep in order to allow the brain and body to restore certain depleted chemical resources and eliminate chemical wastes that have accumulated during the waking day |
|
Circadian Rhythm |
pattern of sleep-wake cycles that in human beings roughly corresponds to periods of daylight and night |
|
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus (SCN) |
small group of neurone in the hypothalamus responsible for coordinating the many rhythms of the body |
|
Hypnagogic State |
a pre sleep period often characterized by vivid sensory phenomena |
|
Sleep Spindles |
bursts of brain activity lasting a second or two; occur during Stage 2 sleep |
|
Rapid Eye Movement Sleep (REM) |
stage of sleep associated with rapid and jagged brain-wave patterns, increased heart rate, rapid and irregular breathing, rapid eye movements and dreaming |
|
nonREM sleep (NREM) |
Stages 1 through 4 of normal sleep pattern |
|
Information-Processing Theory |
hypothesis that dreams are the mind's attempt to sort out and organize the day's experiences and to fix them in memory |
|
Activation-Synthesis Model |
theory that dreams result from the brain's attempts to synthesize or organize random internally generated signals and give them meaning |
|
Lucid Dreams |
dreams in which the sleeper fully recognizes that he or she is dreaming, and occasionally actively guides the outcome of the dream |
|
Insomnia |
sleep disorder characterized by a regular inability to fall asleep or stay asleep |
|
Psychoactive Drugs |
chemicals that affect awareness, behaviour, sensation, perception or mood |
|
Addiction |
psychological or physical compulsion to take a drug, resulting from regular ingestion and leading to maladaptive patterns of behaviour and changes in physical response |
|
Tolerance |
mark of physical dependance on drug, in which person is required to take incrementally larger doses of the drug to achieve the same effect |
|
Withdrawl Symptoms |
unpleasant and sometimes dangerous side effects of reducing intake of a drug after a person has become addicted |
|
Depressants |
class of drugs that slow the activity of the central nervous system |
|
Alcoholism |
long-term pattern of alcohol addiction |
|
Opioids |
class of drugs derived from the sap of the opium poppy |
|
Endorphins |
neurotransmitters that help relieve pain and reduce emotional tension |
|
Stimulants |
substances that increase the activity of the central nervous system |
|
Hallucinogens |
substances that dramatically change one's state of awareness, causing powerful changes in sensory perception |
|
Reward Learning Theory |
brain circuitry that is important for learning about rewarding stimuli |
|
Reward-Deficiency Syndrome |
theory that people abuse drugs because their reward centre is not readily activated by usual events |