Consciousness

Front 1

psychoactive drugs

Back 1

drugs that act on the nervous system, one if the main effects is to alter consciousness

- dopamine increase= reward and pleasure

Front 2

Narcotics (opiates)

Back 2

- opium, morphine, heroin, oxycontin

- relefe of pain and anxiety, relaxation

- effects: neasua, mental impairment motor skills

Front 3

depressants (sedative and alcholhol)

Back 3

- barbiturates. benzodiazepines and inhalants

- effects: decrease centeral nervous system activity, relaxation,impaired thinking and motor activity

Front 4

stimulants

Back 4

- cocaine, amphetamines, nicotine, caffeine

- effects: activate the central nervous system, feelings of euphoria, rapid heart beat, anxiety, paranoia

Front 5

hallucinogens and pcp (phenylclidine)

Back 5

- peyote, phenylclidine, lysergic acid diethylamide (lsd)

- effects: act on the CNS and cause distortions in sensory perception, dont really change level of arousal

Front 6

cannabis

Back 6

- hemp plant

- may be classified as depressants, or hallucinogens (milder)

- pot, hashish

- effects: THC is the active ingrediant, has a depressant effect on the CNS, may have either a depressant or stimulant effect, enhanceed sensory experience, relaxation, anxiety and paranoia

Front 7

MDMA

Back 7

- ecstasy

- could be classified as hallucinogen or an amphetamine or stimulant

- methylenedioxymethamphetamine

- effects: increased energy, decrease social inhibitions, impacts the serotonin systems in CNS

Front 8

physical dependence

Back 8

the body has become accustomed to the presence of the drug, and when the drug is discontinued it produces a with drawl effect

Front 9

addiction

Back 9

referes to the state where the body requires drug in order to feel normal

- the drug has altered that functioning of the body

Front 10

tolerance

Back 10

with continued usage the body begins to require larger doses of the drug in order to produce the same level of effect as was previously attained through a lower dose

Front 11

psychological dependence

Back 11

desire to continue the drug for its emotional effects, refers to the user's tendency to center life on the drug

Front 12

DSM- substance related and addictive disorders are divided into 2 groups

Back 12

1. substance use disorders

2. substance induced disorders

Front 13

consciousness

Back 13

the awareness of our external and internal environment

Front 14

unconscious

Back 14

freud says: most of our thoughts are out of our awareness (thoughts, desires, emotions that may be unacceptable to our conscious mind)

medical says: it has been interrupted by some medical condition/truma (but the body may still show some level of reactivity)

Front 15

subconscious awareness

Back 15

activity and processing that are just beneath the surface of our awareness (dream, automatic process)

Front 16

primary awareness

Back 16

1. uncontrolled awareness: daydreaming and automatic processing requiring minimal attention (riding bike)

2. controlled awareness: where your conscious attention is focused (focusing your attention)

Front 17

self-awarness

Back 17

- aka metacognition

- thinking about your own thinking processes

Front 18

altered states of awarness

Back 18

any mental state that is different from normal (fatigue, drugs, trauma, hypnosis)

Front 19

states of consciousness

Back 19

1. altered states of awareness

2. self-awarness

3. primary awareness (controlled & uncontrolled)

4. subconscious awareness

Front 20

function of sleep

Back 20

1. physical recuperation: to repair the strains of the day, can function while sleep deprived

2. mental recuperation: slows ability to learn, poorly on higher order brain functioning tasks, has support from the mental recuperation theory

Front 21

What is sleep?

Back 21

and altered state of consciousness

Front 22

EEG

Back 22

measures the electrical activity in the brain (brain waves)

Front 23

stages of sleep

Back 23

stage1- transition between sleep and wakefulness, some theta activity

stage2- an intermediate stage of sleep, mostly theta activity, but that is norm intrupted by: sleep spindles and k complexes, sleeper will not see anything even is eyes are open

stage3- the start of deep sleep, theta activity is decreasing in F and increasing in A, turning into delta activity (slow wave sleep)

stage4- mainly delta activity, the brain's metabolism slows down to approx 75% (slow wave sleep)

takes less then an hour to reach initial period of the 4 stages, and it lasts for 30 min

Front 24

REM sleep

Back 24

rapid eye movement

- characterized by low a and f activity, dreams, rapid eye movement, muscular paralysis

- beta and theta activity

- stages 1-4 is non REM sleep

- alternate between rem and non-rem sleep 4 to 6 times per night, each cycle lasting 90 min

- rapid EEG waves, genital activity, dreams

Front 25

slow wave sleep

Back 25

slow EEG waves, lack of muscular paralysis, slow or absent eye movement, lack of genital activity