Connective Tissue Medical School

Front 1

bone type?
-dense and compact
-resists bending and shearing force

Back 1

cortical bone

Front 2

bone type?
-trabecualr or spongy gross appearance
-architecture with many crossties provides tremendous strength without added weight
-resist compressive force

Back 2

cancellous bone

Front 3

bone type?

-found in verterbral bodies, pelvic bones, cranium, end of long bones

Back 3

cancalleous bone

Front 4

bone type?
-more metabolically active
-20% bone mass and 80% bone surface area

Back 4

cancellous bone

Front 5

bone type?
-80% bone mass and 20% bone surface

Back 5

cortical bone

Front 6

shaft of tubular bone

Back 6

diaphysis

Front 7

flared portion just inside the physis

Back 7

metaphysis

Front 8

end of bone between growth plate to articular surface

Back 8

epiphysis

Front 9

ossification centers not related to end of tubular bone

Back 9

apophyses

Front 10

thin fibrovascualar membrane that ensheaths the outer surface of bone

Back 10

periosteum

Front 11

inner surface of cortex of tubular bone

Back 11

endosteum

Front 12

attached to bone by collagenous Sharpey's fibers

has bone forming potential

adhears loosely to bone in children than in adults

Back 12

periosteum

Front 13

blood supply to bone?

Back 13

periosteal and penetrating atreries

-long bones have single nutrient arteries that penetrate the cortex in the diaphysis and ramifies with in the medulla

Front 14

type of bone?

-mature bone

-the result of alternating
parallel arrays of collagen fibers oriented perpendicular to one another

Back 14

lamellar bone

Front 15

type of bone?

-immature bone with collagen fibers arranged is haphazard arrays

-normally seen only during fetal development and at the growth plate.

-presence of is otherwise indicative of a pathological
condition

Back 15

woven bone

Front 16

Both cortical and cancellous bones are made of _________?

Back 16

lamellar bone

Front 17

type of bone?

bone surrounds the outer
aspect of the cortex

Back 17

Circumferential lamellar bone

Front 18

type of bone?

bone forms targetoid arrays around Haversian canals

Back 18

Concentric lamellar bone

Front 19

bone type?

bone is situated in between the concentric lamellae

Back 19

Interstitial lamellar bone

Front 20

bone type?

forms cancellous bone

Back 20

Trabecular lamellar bone

Front 21

90% type I collagen with minor
components of non-collagenous proteins (such as adhesion proteins and calcium-binding proteins), lipid, and proteoglycan

Back 21

Bone matrix

Front 22

mineral found in bone?

Back 22

calcium hydroxyapatite

Front 23

percent of body Calcium and phosporus found in bone?

Back 23

Bone stores 99% of body calcium and 85% of body
phosphorus.

Front 24

cell type?

-mesenchymal precursors
-produce osteoid
-have
abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum, which reflects a high level of protein
synthesis

Back 24

Osteoblasts

Front 25

cell type?

-eventually become internalized and surrounded
by bone matrix

-Osteocytes interconnect and communicate with each other through cytoplasmic extensions within canaliculi in the bone.

Back 25

Osteocytes

Front 26

cell type?

-derive from mononuclear/macrophage precursors in the bone marrow and are the bone-resorbing cells

-excavate pits on the bone surface, called Howship’s lacunae

Back 26

Osteoclasts

Front 27

cell type?

-attaches to and interdigitates with the bone surface by a highly convoluted ruffled
border, which constitutes its resorptive organelle

-It acidifies the local
environment by a proton pump.

-This acidified environment demineralizes the bone and exposes the organic matrix to degradation by lysozomal enzymes.

Back 27

Osteoclasts

Front 28

1. resorption pit formed
2. new bone deposited
3. repeat

Back 28

bone remodeling cycle

Front 29

how is aging effect bone remodeling cycle?

Back 29

The bone loss that attends
aging is due to incomplete filling of the resoprtion pit with each cycle.

Front 30

type of joint?

fixed, fibrous joints with minimal mobility (synarthrothes, such as skull
sutures), and slightly moveable fibrocartilagenous joints (amphiarthroses, such
as intervertebral disks and symphysis pubis)

Back 30

non-synovial
joints

Front 31

type of joint?

-fluid-filled and freely moveable.

-classified according to shape: ball and socket (e.g. hip), hinge (e.g.
interphalangeal), saddle (e.g. first carpometacarpal), and plane (e.g. patellofemoral) joints.

Back 31

Synovial joints

Front 32

cell type and location?

synthesize and secrete synovial
fluid, and mediate the exchange of nutrients and waste between blood and
synovial fluid

Back 32

The synovium is a thin membranous structure that lines the inner surface of the
joint cavity lined by synoviocytes.

Front 33

rich in hyaluronic acid

Back 33

Synovial fluid

Front 34

what is this?

-avascular and has high water content (70% of weight)

-The high water content
provides great turgor and elasticity and also contributes to joint lubrication.

Back 34

hyalin cartilage matrix which makes up articular cartilage

Front 35

what is this?

The principle organic components are type II collagen fibers and proteoglycans.

-The collagen fibers are arranged in arcades so that near the surface they are horizontal.

Back 35

hyalin cartilage matrix which makes up articular cartilage

Front 36

what is this?

This structural arrangement enables cartilage to resist tensile stresses and transmit vertical loads.

The high content of proteoglycans is responsible for the compressive properties associated with load bearing.

Back 36

hyaline cartilage matrix which makes up articular cartilage

Front 37

firmly attached to subchondral bone

Back 37

Articular cartilage

Front 38

three most important
anatomic structures mediating load distribution

Back 38

muscles and tendons, articular cartilage, and subchondral bone

Front 39

what is this?

take up the
majority of the force by reflex actions that maintain the joint in a flexed position
during acute loading

Back 39

Muscles and tendons

Front 40

what is this?

by its viscoelastic properties, acts like a
shock absorber to further distribute the load

Back 40

Articular cartilage

Front 41

with its plate-like and trabecular organization, also helps distribute load

Back 41

subchondral bone

Front 42

At ____________ the mesoderm is well established.

Back 42

2 weeks

Front 43

At _________ begins to organize into paired somites around the notochord.

Back 43

day 24

Front 44

3 compoentens of somites?

Back 44

1. the dermatome forms the
dermis

2. the myotome forms skeletal muscle

3. the sclerotome forms the
skeleton

Front 45

a critical time of
organogenesis, including formation of the musculoskeletal system, and is the period during which most non-genetic congenital malformations occur

Back 45

embryonic period (or first trimester of gestation)

Front 46

promotes and controls limb
growth

Back 46

A specialized layer
of ectoderm called the apical ectodermal ridge

Front 47

what primative tissue form and develop into skeletal muscle?

Back 47

The primitive mesenchymal core differentiates into cartilage bone precursors,
and myoblasts form and develop into skeletal muscle.

Front 48

what is the final limb position for the arm and leg buds?

Back 48

Final limb position results from a 90% external rotation of the arm buds and a 90% internal rotation of the leg buds

Front 49

when and how are joints formed?

Back 49

During weeks 4-8 the interzone mesenchyme condenses and undergoes cleft
formation and cavitation to form the joints