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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where is the connective tissue developed?
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In the Mesoderm
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State the cells that are always in connective tissue?
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Permanent residents of CT • fibroblasts • adipose cells • macrophages • mast cells • mesenchymal stem cells
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State the cells that are sometimes in connective tissue?
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Transient cell population lymphocytes plasma cells eosinophils basophils neutrophils
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What is serine proteases?
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Tryptase Chymase Tryptase serves as a marker of mast cell activation. Chymase Helps in generating angiotensin II in response to vascular tiddue injury
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What is leukotrienes?
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Released by mast cells Triggers prolonged constriction of smooth muscle
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What is type I collagen?
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Type l collagen: Bone, tendon, dentin and skin. Provides tensile strength. Strongest
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What is type II collagen?
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Type ll collagen: Hyaline and elastic cartilage. Observed as fibrils. Very Special
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What is type III collagen?
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Type lll collagen: Reticular lamina of basement membrane, as a component of reticular fibers. 1. Type III collagen primarily 2. They are short, thin and branching in nature. 3. Found in organs with large volume changes(spleen, arteries, intestine, testes, etc) 4. Argyrophilic(silver staining) and PAS positive (due to carbohydrate content) 5. First type of collagen synthesized during wound healing
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What is type IV collagen?
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Type lV collagen: Basal lamina. Each molecule binds to binding sites of laminin.
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What is type V collagen?
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Type V collagen: Amnion and chorion in the fetus, muscle and tendon sheaths. This does not form banded fibrils.
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Describe Elastic fibers.
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1. Three developmental stages: oxytalan (1st), elaunin (2nd), elastic (3rd) 2. Fibrillin (glycoprotein) and elastin (protein) 3. Elastin - glycine, proline, desmosine and isodesmosine (lysine-like) 4. Extremely elastic - 5x more than rubber (150% their resting length) 5. Found in large arteries, elastic cartilage, vocal ligament, bronchi, etc 6. Special staining required - orcein, resorcin-fuchsin or Verhoeffs
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What is Erythropoietin (EPO)?
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Produced by the kidneys increase erythrocyte precursors Used by RBC
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What are Cytokines?
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Produced by some marrow cells to stimulate proliferation in other marrow cells.
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What controls Granulocytopoiesis?
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Granulocytopoiesis is controlled by cytokines; takes about 11 days?
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What hormones effect cartilage growth.
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Increase growth Thyroxine and Testosterone Decrease growth Hydrocortisone and Estradiol
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What are the layers of articular cartilage?
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1. Tangential layer 2. Transitional layer 3. Radial layer 4. Calcified cartilage Bone
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What is the hitogenesis of cartilage?
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Mesenchymal cells
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What type of collagen found in the ECM of Fibrocartilage?
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ECM: • Predominantly Type I collagen fibers • Also contains Type II collagen fibers • GAGs- predominantly chondroitin and dermatan sulphates
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What type of growth does Fibrocartilage perform?
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Only interstitial growth (due to absence of perichondrium)
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What type of collagen does the ECM of elastic cartilage have?
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Type II collagen fibers and elastic fibers GAGs and glycoproteins
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What type of growth does elastic cartilage have?
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Appositional and interstitial growth
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What is the function of fibrocartilage?
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Support and tensile strength
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What is the function of Sharpey's fibers?
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Sharpey;s fibers (collagen fibers of the periosteum that penetrate the bone matrix) function in attaching the periosteum to bone
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What is the function of Volkmann's canals?
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Volkmann's canals connect haversian canals to the marrow cavity
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What is the funcation of Parathyroid Hormone?
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Indirectly stimulates osteoclasts to absorb and release calcium, thus elevating blood calcium levels
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What is the function of Calcitonin?
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Inhibits matrix resorption and thus prevents the release of calcium
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What is the effect of Pituitary Growth Hormone?
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Stimulates epiphyseal cartilage growth, so that an excess produces a giant, while a lack produces a dwarf
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What is the effect of Sex Hormones on bone development?
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Affects bone growth by influencing epiphyseal ossification. In excess, a small stature develops; indeficiencies, a tall stature results
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Where are the Fibril-Forming collagen fibers found by type.
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Fibril-Forming Collagen Type I Skin, bone, tendon, blood vessels, cornea Type II Cartilage, intervertebral disk, vitreous body Type III Blood vessels, fetal skin
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Where are the Network-forming collagen fibers found by type.
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Network-forming Collagen Type IV Basement membrane Type VII Beneath stratified squamous epithelia
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Where are the Fibril-associated collagen fibers found by type.
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Fibril-associated Collagen Type IX Cartilage Type XII Tendon, ligaments, some other tissues
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What is thrombopoietin?
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Hormone from liver stimulates thrombocyte formation.
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What is the function of Colony-stimulating factor (CSF)?
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Stimulate leukocyte production
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What is the function of interleukin.
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Stimulate leukocyte production
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What are weibel-Palade bodies?
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- Endothelial cells contain
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What is fibronectin?
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- Mediates linkage between inside and outside of cell - Forms tracks for cells to migrate during wound healing.
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What if fibrillin?
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- A glycoprotein, organizes elastin into fibers.
- Marfan’s syndrome is an autosomal dominant defect of the gene for fibrillin-1 protein, which is a glycoprotein and functions as scaffold for tropoelastin. |
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Where is hyaline cartilage?
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• Nose – cartilaginous portion • Tracheal and bronchial rings • Laryngeal cartilages • Costal cartilages • Articular surfaces of long bones • Epiphyseal growth plate • Fetal skeleton
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Where is elastic cartilage found
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• Pinna of the ear • Auditory canal • Eustachian tube • Epiglottis
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Where is fibrocartilage found?
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• Intervertebral disc (annulus fibrosis) • At the pubic symphysis • Medial & lateral menisci • Attachment of ligament to bone • Intersections of some tendons and ligaments • Articular discs
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What is the result of hypervitaminosis of D?
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bone resorption
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What is the result of Vitamin A deficiency?
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Inhibits proper bone formation and growth, smaller stature results
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What is the result of excessive amounts of vitamin A?
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Accelerate the ossification of the epiphyseal plates smaller stature results
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Describe the zonula oculdens.
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Major Link Proteins
Occludins, Claudins, JAMs Exracellular Ligands Occludins, claudins, JAMs in adjacent cell Cytoskeleton Components Actin filaments Function Seals adjacent cells together, defines apical domain membrane |
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Describe the zonula adherens.
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Major Link Proteins
E-cadherin catenin complex Exracellular Ligands E-cadherin catenin complex in adjacent cell Cytoskeleton Components Actin filaments Function Couples the actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane |
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Describe macula adherens.
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Major Link Proteins
Cadherins Exracellular Ligands Desmogleins desmocollins in adjacent cell Cytoskeleton Components Intermediate filaments (Keratin) Function Couples the intermediate filaments to plasma membrane aka desmosome |
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What are nissel bodies
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Polyribosomes and rought endoplasmic reticulum
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What cells are in gastric glands?
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- Parietal cells
- Chief cells - Mucouscells |
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What are cadherins?
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- Ca2+ transmembrane Ca2+
- Localized with the ZA - Control cell to cell interactions |
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What are selectins
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- On WBC
- mediate neutrophil endothelial cell recognition |
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Describe a hemidesmosome.
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Major Link Proteins
Integrins Exracellular Ligands Extracellular matrix protein Cytoskeleton Components Intermediate filaments Function Anchors the intermediate filaments to the extracellular matrix |
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