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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Connective Tissue Functions
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• Provide form and support
• Neutralization of pathogens • Exchange of nutrients • Stores fat • Wound healing |
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Components of the Extracellular Matrix
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- Collagen
- Elastic Fibers - Proteoglycans and - Glycosaminoglycans - Adhesion proteins - basement membrane - interstitial matrix |
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Collagen
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Most common types are I and II
Used for strength |
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Adhesion Proteins
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connect matrix elements to one another and to cells
- fibronectin -laminin - integrins |
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basement membrane
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Type IV collagen
Laminin Proteoglycan |
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Interstitial Matrix
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Fibrillar collagens
elastins proteoglycans and hyaluranan |
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Fibroblasts
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o Fiber forming cells of the extracelluar matrix.
o Synthesize and secrete different types of collagen and elastin as well as proteoglycans, glycosaminoglycans, and glycolproteins o Many golgi and RER due to production of proteins. o Oval nucleus with two or more nuclei o Only go through mitosis during wound healing. |
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Collagen structure
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o Three strands of protein composed of GLy-x-y repeated 330
• X and y often a hydroxylated proline Vitamin C is used in the hydroxylation reaction o Becomes increasingly cross linked as a function of age o In healing the new cross links are age appropriate |
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Elastin
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• Lots of proline and valine
• Elastin give resilience and the ability to bounce back from a stretch • Very stable, can last up to 80 years o Stabilized and cross linked by lysul oxidase. Same enzyme in the circulation that corss-links collagen • Composed of elastic fiber and fibrillin |
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Adipose Tissue
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• Derived from mesenchyme
• Unilocular (white) o Contain a single large fat droplet o Cytoplasm and nucleus confined to the rim of the cell. o Control the uptake and release of free fatty acids • Multilocular (brown) o Many fat droplets o Nucleus can be centrally located. o Many mitochondria. Produce heat chemically. |
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Macrophages
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• Phagocytic cells found in loose connective tissue
• Derived from monocytes which differentiate into macrophages in connective tissue • Kidney shaped nucleus • Can form foreign body giant cells • Can act as antigen presenting cells after ingestion |
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Mast cells
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• Bone marrow derived
• Once activated they can extrude granule associated mediators and generate lipid derived substances that induce immediate allergic inflammation • Role with innate immunity. |
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Plasma Cells
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• Very basophilic
• Derived from B lymphocytes • Terminally differentiated • Eccentric nucleus |
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Lymphocyte
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• Little cytoplasm
• Round nucleus • Persist in area of localized infection as memory cells. |
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Eosinophils
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• Large red granules are strongly eosinophilic and the nucles is bilobed
• Subepithelial connective tissue of respiratory and GI • Phagocytize and help with immune response. • Attracted to ECF from basophils and mast cells • Bind to antigen antibody complexes on parasites and release cytotoxins. |
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Basophils
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• Nucleus divided into two or more irregular lobes
• Large basophilic granules containing mediators of inflammation • In connective tissue basophils turn into mast cells. |
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Monocytes
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• Large agranulocytes
• Eccentric U shaped or kidney shaped nucleus • Connective tissue become macrophages, CNS they are microglia, Bones they are osteoclasts, lymph they are dendritic cells, liver they are kupffer cells and skin they are langerhan cells |
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Neutrophils
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• 2-5 nuclear lobes joined by thin extensions
• function to ingest bacteria and cellular debris and foreign particles |
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Adult stem cells and pericyte
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• Reservoirs of stem cells in mature tissues
• Reside in niches rich in hyaluronan • In connective tissue called mesenchymal stem cells • Important in wound healing |
