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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ct is derived fom what germ layer
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mesoderm
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Mesenchyme
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mucous connective tissue
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Adipose tissue
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Fat cells used for insulation, energy storage and forms contours of men and women
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what are the three componets of CT
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Ground substance, fibers, cells
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Components of ground tisse
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Glycoaminoglycans (GAGS)
proteogylcans multiadhesive glycoproteins |
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What color is ground substance in a cell
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white is color surrounding cell and with type II collagen as fibers
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Three main types of fibers
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Collagen
elastic (thinner than collagen) reticular ( thinner than elastic) |
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Collagenopathies (ehlers danlos syndrome)
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Inherited disorder, defect in synthesis and structure of collagen (hyperelasticity)
over ten types (type IV is deficient in collagen III) Hyper mobile joints |
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elastic fibers
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form branches (whereas collagen just crosses over each other )
made of elastin and microfibrils(fibrillin) |
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what two AA are unique in elastic fibers?
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desmosine and isodesmosine
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marfan's syndrome
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autosomal dominant
fibrilin disorder tall, long arms and fingers big feet causes dissecting aorta |
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what stain would you use to see elastic fibers
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orecin (resorcin fuchsin) (purple in color)
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where are elastic fibers found in the body?
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walls of blood vessels (aorta)
Elastic Lamellae (tunica media of aorta, allow recoil for systolic BP) |
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Reticular fibers are formed by what type of collagen?
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Type III ( RF form framework of organs)
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what color do reticular fibers stain?
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silver salts (silver ) argyrophilic
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Reticular fibers compose what in a cell
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Reticular lamina which is a part of the basement membrane
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what are the two types of CT cells
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Resident cells (fibroblast, adipose tissue, macrophages, mast cells, osteoblasts)
macrophages and mast cells migrate to CT, born in Bone marrow Immigrant (plasma cells, leukocytes) |
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Fibroblasts synthesize what in CT
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extracellular matrix (ground sub. and fibers)
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Where are myofibroblasts found most abundantly
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sites of wound healing
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What are the two types of adipose (fat ) cells
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white fat (unilocular) -adults energy storage, insulation, hormone secretion
brown fat (multiocular)- heat generation |
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describe process of lipid storage
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Triglycerides are transported in blood via chylmicrons and VLDL
adipose tisse, lipoproteins are broken down by lipase releasing fatty acids which diffuse into adipocytes and form triglycerides and stored till needed |
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Appetite regulation in short term
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Ghrelin stimulates appetite in the hypothalamus
Peptide YY signals fullness and acts on hypothalamus |
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prader willi syndrone
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overproduction of ghrelin
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Long term regulation of appetite
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Insulin-stimulates lipid synthesis and block lipolysis (highlevels decrease appetite)
Leptin- works on hypothalamus to suppress appetite (obese people are resistant to this) |
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Process of lipid mobilization
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Norepinephrine from nerve endings stimulates cAMP, activate lipase and turn triglycerides into free fatty acids. FA are bound to albumin(carrier protein) to distant sites for energy
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Mast cells
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cell with granules that contain vasoactive and immuoreactive substances
ex: histamine, heparin, slow reaction sub of anaphylaxis eosinophil and neutro phil chemotactic factors |
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Plasma cells are characterized by what?
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antibody cells derived from B-lymphocytes
Basophilic cytoplasm because of RER nucleus with clockface (cartwheel) chromatin unstained golgi apparatus region near nucleus |
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How do mast cells and plasma cell interact
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plasma cells produce IgE in response to antigen (bee venom) Second expose binds to receptors on mast cells and triggers allergic response
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what are Giant cells
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Fused multinucleated macrophages in response to a foreing body (if active large vacuoles will be present)
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B=lymphocytes make what type of cells
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plasma cells
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Neutrophils
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granulocytes with segmented nuclei (microphages)
FIRST CELLS TO ARRIVE AT INFLAMMATION RESPONSE |
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Diapedesis
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process by which neutrophils leave circulation
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Pus is an accumulation of what cells?
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neutrophils (dead)
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eosinophils
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Bilobed nucleus (two)
LARGE red granules found in gut (lamina propria) |
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what 3 conditions are associated with eosinophils
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allergic reax
parasitic infection CHRONIC inflammatory resposne |
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Fluid accumulates in ECM if hydrostatic pressure on venule side is
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too high (CHF)
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fluid accumulates in ECM is osmotic pressure on venule side is too
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low (starvation)
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what are the classifications of CT
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loose CT (lots of cells, fewer fibers)
dense CT( few cells lots of fibers) Irregular(dermis) Regular (tendons and ligaments) |
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What type of cells are found in loose CT
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mast cells
plasma cells macrophages lymphocytes fibroblasts |
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Dense irregular
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mainly fibroblasts
bundles orgainzed in many directions to resist stresses (skin) |
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Dense regular
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mainly fibroblasts organized in direction of stress
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