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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
representation
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the efforts of elected officials to look out for the interests of those who elect them.
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constituency
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the voters in a state or district.
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policy representation
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congressional work to advance the issues and ideological preferences of constituents.
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allocative representation
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congressional work to secure projects, services, and funds for the represented district.
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pork barrel
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public works projects and grants for specific districts paid for by general revenues.
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casework
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legislative work on behalf of individual constituents to solve their problems with government agencies and programs.
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symbolic representation
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the efforts of members of Congress to stand for American ideals or to identify with common constituency values.
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lawmaking
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the creation of policy to address national problems.
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bicameral legislature
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a legislature with two chambers.
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reapportionment
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a reallocation of congressional seats among the states every ten years, following the census.
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malapportionment
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the unequal distribution of population among districts.
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redistricting
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the process of dividing the states into legislative districts.
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gerrymandering
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redistricting to benefit a particular group.
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racial gerrymandering
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redistricting to enhance or reduce the chances that a racial or ethnic group will elect members to the legislature.
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franking
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the privilege of free mail service provided to members of Congress.
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strategic politician
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an office seeker who bases the decision to run on a rational calculation that he or she will be successful.
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incumbency advantage
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the electoral edge afforded to those already in office.
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coattail effect
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the added votes received by congressional candidates of a winning presidential party.
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midterm loss
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the tendency for the presidential party to lose congressional seats in off-year elections.
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majority party
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the party with the most seats in a house of Congress.
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Speaker of the House
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the leader of the majority party, who serves as the presiding officer of the House of Representatives.
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party caucuses
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party groupings in each legislative chamber.
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seniority system
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the accumulation of power and authority in conjunction with the length of time spent in office.
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legislative oversight
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a committee's investigation of government agencies to ensure they are acting as Congress intends.
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standing committee
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a permanent committee responsible for legislation in a particular policy area.
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House Rules Committee
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the committee that determines how and when debate on a bill will take place.
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select committee
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a committee appointed to deal with an issue or problem not suited to a standing committee.
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joint committee
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a combined House-Senate committee formed to coordinate activities and expedite legislation in a certain area.
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conference committee
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a temporary committee formed to reconcile difference in the House and Senate versions of a bill
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norms
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informal rules that govern behavior in Congress.
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legislative agenda
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the state of proposals and issues that representatives think it worthwhile to consider and act on.
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policy entrepreneurship
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the practice of legislators becoming experts and taking leadership roles in specific policy areas.
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fillibuster
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the practice of unlimited debate in the Senate to prevent or delay a vote on a bill.
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cloture
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a vote to end a Senate filibuster; requires a three-fifths majority , or sixty votes.
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veto override
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the reversal of a presidential veto by a two-thirds vote in both houses of Congress.
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line-item veto
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presidential authority to strike out individual spending provisions in a budget; passed by Congress but ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court.
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pocket veto
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presidential authority to kill a bill submitted within ten days of the end of a legislative session by not signing it.
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roll call voting
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publicly recorded votes on bills and amendments on the floor of the House or Senate.
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