Congenital Heart Defects

Front 1

What are the 2 types of atrial septal defects?

Back 1

ASD- Osteum primum
ASD- Osteum secundum

Front 2

What signs and symptoms are associated with ASDs?

Back 2

Pulmonary congestion, right heart hypertrophy, eventual heart failure.

Front 3

A baby is born with a severe hypoplasia (under-development) of the left heart and dies shortly after birth. What defect was the baby born with, and why did it die?

Back 3

Premature closure of the foramen ovale.
Death occurs because the left heart can't handle the blood volume after birth.

Front 4

What abnormality is characterized by failure of the endocardial cushions to fuse?

Back 4

Pesistent AV canal with ASD and VSD.

Front 5

A baby presents with a hypoplastic right ventricle, a hypertrophic left venttricle, and cyanosis. What does the baby have, and what septal defects are present?

Back 5

Tricuspid atresia with patent foramen ovale (ASD osteum secundum) and VSD.

Front 6

What is the most common type of heart defect? What developmental failure causes this defect?

Back 6

A membranous septum VSD; failure of the endocardial cushions to fuse with the muscular IV septum.

Front 7

What four anatomical defects are associated with Tetralogy of Fallot?

Back 7

S: Stenosis of the pulmonary artery
H: hypertrophy of the right ventricle
O: Overriding aorta
V: VSD

Front 8

Persistent truncus arteriosus is a result of what developmental failure?

Back 8

The failure of the bulbar ridges of the spiral septum to fuse together.

Front 9

Transposition of the great vessels is caused by what? Why does this failure cause a problem? Under what circumstance is it fatal?

Back 9

Failure of the spiral septum to spiral. The end result is two closed circuits. It is fatal when there is no anatomical connection between the circuits.

Front 10

Which three heart anomalies result in cyanosis?

Back 10

3 Ts:
Tetralogy of Fallot, Tricuspid atresia, Transposition of the great vessels.