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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Discuss the lesions of color mutant alopecia including the pathogenesis.
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Lesions:
-Scaly, dry and brittle hair coat -Papule may be present Patho: -Puppies are usually normal at birth and later the skin becomes diseased -There are defects in the melanization and cortical structures of the affected hair follicles -Melanin clumps in the hair bulbs and shafts and makes it brittle |
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Describe your therapeutic plan for color mutant alopecia.
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-There is no cure, just medical management (do not breed these animals)
-Use follicle flushing shampoos (benzoyl peroxide or ethyl lactate) -Antibiotics for secondary infections -Topical emollients and humectants -Thyroid therapy if T4 is low |
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Describe a diagnostic plan to confirm a diagnosis of dermatomyositis.
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-Skin biopsies (looking for liquefaction necrosis of basal cell layers of epidermis, vesicles)
-EMG -Muscle biopsies -ANA -Skin scrapings |
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What are some breeds predisposed to dermatomyositis?
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-Collies
-Shelties |
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What are options for treatment for Dermatomyositis?
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-Avoid trauma
-Pred -Vit. E -Pentoxiphylline -Tetracycline and Niacinamide -Spay and Neuter |
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Describe the pathogenesis of acral mutilation syndrome.
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-It is a sensory neuropathy w/ decreased numbers of spinal ganglia and dorsal roots
-Occurs as a slowly progressive postnatal degeneration |
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Describe the pathogenesis of cutaneous asthenia.
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-Cutaneous asthenia (a.k.a. Rubber puppy syndrome)
Patho: -Defect in collagen formation -Increased fragility and laxity of skin -In cats the deficiency is of procollagen peptidase |
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What breeds are predisposed to lethal acrodermatitis?
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Bull Terriers
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What are some clinical signs of lethal acrodermatitis?
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-Growth retardation
-Progressive acrodermatitis -Chronic pyoderma -Chronic paronychia -Diarrhea -Pneumonia -Abnormal behavior -Lighter than normal skin pigmentation |
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What are some diagnostic options for lethal acrodermatitis?
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-Breed predisposition
-PE findings -Low serum zinc -Low ALKP -Hypercholesterolemia -Decreased lymphocyte blast transformation -Skin biopsy -Parakeratotic hyperkeratosis w/ ulceration and superficial pyoderma |
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What is the prognosis for LETHAL acrodermatitis?
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-Poor
-Median survival 7 months -Most puppies die of bronchopeumonias |
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What are the clinical signs of epidermal dysplasia?
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-Lesions begin in puppyhood
-Erythema -Pruritis (feet, ventrum at first and then becomes generalized) -Hyperpigmentation -Seborrhea oleosa -Peripheral lymphadenopathys |
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What breeds are predisposed to epidermal dysplasia?
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West highland white terrier
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What is the diagnostic plan to diagnose epidermal dysplasia?
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-Rule out these diseases (atopy, food allergy, sarcoptes, demodex, ichthyosis, endcrinopathies, other seborrheic diseases)
-Skin biopsy: epidermal dysplaisa w/ hyperchromasia -Increased mitosis, crowding of basal keratinocytes w/ “ buds”, parakeratosis |
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What is the treatment for Sebaceous adenitis?
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-No cure
-Life long management 1. Keratolytic shampoo (Sialycylic acid) 2.Tetracycline +/- Niacinamide 3.Vit. A 4.Retinoids ($$$) 5.Cyclosporine |
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What is the predisposition for Sebaceous adenitis?
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-Vizslas
-Akita -Samoyed -Standard poodle (black and apricot) |
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What is the prognosis for Sebaceous adenitis?
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-Fair
-Trying to minimize symptoms and manage the disease (there is no cure) |
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How do you diagnose Sebaceous adenitis?
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-Histopath:
-Granulomatous sebaceous adentitis -Chronic cases have complete absence of sebaceous glands |
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What is the treatment for ichthyosis?
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-Life long (no cure)
-Hydrotherapy -Topical antiseborrheias/keratolytic agants -Emollients -Propylene glycol -Retinoids -Vit. A |
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How do you diagnose Ichthyosis?
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-Rule out other causes of seborrhea
-Skin biopsy: -Prominent granular layer -Numerous mitotic figures in keratinocytes -Orthokeratotic hyperkeratosis -Follicular keratosis -Plugging |
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Which breed of cats is predisposed to primary seborrhea oleosa?
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Persians
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What is follicular dysplasia?
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??
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What is pattern baldness?
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??
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What is Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
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-It is cutaneous asthenia (a.k.a.Rubber puppy syndrome)
-The skin hangs in loose folds |
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What is the normal skin extensibility index for dogs and cats?
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Extensibilty index = (vertical height of skin fold)/(body length) * 100
-Normal 9-16% and Affected is 18-24 % |
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What is epidermolysis bullosa?
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-Blisters and ulcerations at areas of trauma (footpad, mouth, anus, elbows)
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How do you diagnose epidermolysis bullosa?
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-Histopath: shows dermoepidermal vesicles and bullae
-Electron microscopy |
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What are the clinical signs of “Schnauzer Comedone Syndrome”?
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-Multiple comedones on the back that become a crusted papule
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What is the differential diagnoses need to be ruled out to confirm a diagnosis of Schnauzer Comedone Syndrome?
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-Demodex
-Dermatophytes -Staph pyoderma -Cushings |
